2.2 Chapter Quiz Flashcards
What was Loewi’s evidence that neurotransmission depends on the release of chemicals?
A) he applied adrenaline to muscles and saw them contract
B) he applied drugs at various synapses and observed excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
C) he stimulated one frog’s heart, collected fluid around it, transferred it to another frog’s heart, and saw change in its heart rate
D) he stimulated certain nerves, collected the fluid around their terminals, and analyzed the contents chemically
C) he stimulated one frog’s heart, collected fluid around it, transferred it to another frog’s heart, and saw change in its heart rate
Which of the following is not one of the brain’s neurotransmitters?
A) glutamate
B) GABA
C) glucose
D) serotonin
C) glucose
The amino acid tryptophan is a precursor to which neurotransmitter?
A) serotonin
B) dopamine
C) glutamate
D) acetylcholine
A) Serotonin
Suppose you want to cause the presynaptic terminal of an axon to release its transmitter. How could you do so without an action potential?
A) decrease the temperature at the synapse
B) use an electrode to produce IPSPs in the postsynaptic neuron
C) inject water into the presynaptic terminal
D) inject calcium into the presynaptic terminal
D) inject calcium into the presynaptic terminal
The brain’s most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter is ……, and it’s most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter is …….
A) GABA…serotonin
B) serotonin…dopamine
C) dopamine…glutamate
D) glutamate…GABA
D) glutamate…GABA
In which of these ways does a metabotropic synapse differ from an ionotropic synapse?
A) its effects are slower to start and last longer
B) its effects are faster to start and last longer
C) its effects are slower to start and briefer in duration
D) its effects are faster to start and briefer in duration
A) its effects are slower to start and last longer
What is a second messenger?
A) a chemical released by the presynaptic neuron a few milliseconds after release of the first neurotransmitter
B) a chemical reaction released inside a cell after stimulation at a metabotropic synapse
C) a chemical that travels from the postsynaptic neuron back to the presynaptic neuron
B) a chemical released inside a cell after stimulation at a metabolic synapse
Which of the following is true of neuropeptides?
A) they are released close to their receptors
B) a neuron releases them at a steady rate almost constantly
C) they produce rapid, brief effects
D) they are released either in large quantities or not at all
D) they are released either in large quantities or not at all
Which of these drugs exerts its behavioral effects by binding to the same receptor as a neurotransmitter?
A) amphetamine
B) cocaine
C) nicotine
D) marijuana
C) nicotine
Which neurotransmitter is broken into two pieces to inactivate it, after it excites the postsynaptic neuron?
A) dopamine
B) acetylcholine
C) glutamate
D) serotonin
B) acetylcholine
What does a transporter protein do at a synapse?
A) it carries neurotransmitter molecules from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic neuron
B) it carries neurotransmitter molecules from the cell body to the presynaptic terminal
C) it carries neurotransmitter molecules from neurons that have too much into neurons that need more
D) it pumps used neurotransmitter molecules back into the presynaptic neuron
D) it pumps used neurotransmitter molecules back into the presynaptic neuron
Except for the magnitude and speed of effects, methylphenidate (Ritalin) affects synapses the same way as which other drug?
A) heroin
B) cocaine
C) nicotine
D) marijuana
B) cocaine
Which of these drugs acts by inhibiting release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron?
A) opiates such as morphine
B) cannabinoids (found in marijuana)
C) nicotine
D) amphetamine and cocaine
B) cannabinoids (found in marijuana)
In contrast to the posterior pituitary, the anterior pituitary…
A) is neutral tissue that releases oxytocin and vasopressin
B) is glandular tissue that releases oxytocin and vasopressin
C) is neutral tissue that produces hormones that control other endocrine organs
D) is glandular tissues that produces hormones that control other endocrine organs
D) is glandular tissues that produces hormones that control other endocrine organs
In what way is a neuropeptide intermediate between neurotransmitters and hormones?
A) a neuropeptide diffuses more widely than other neurotransmitters but less than a hormone
B) a neuropeptide is larger than other neurotransmitters but smaller than a hormone
C) a neurotransmitter produces excitatory effects, a neuropeptide produces neutral effects, and a hormone produces negative effects
D) a neurotransmitter produces slow effects, a neuropeptide produces faster effects, and a hormone produces still faster effects
A) a neuropeptide diffuses more widely than other neurotransmitters but less than a hormone
