Chapter 11

Question 0

Emotions and autonomic arousal

-emotional situations arouse the a…….. N…… S…..

-most situations evoke a combination of sym…….. And para……….. Arousal
Combo.=nausea

Answer 0

Autonomic nervous system

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 1

What is emotion?

Psychologists define emotion in terms of three components:

1) cog……
2) Ac….

3) Fe…..
- tension, gut “stirred up”

Answer 1

1) cognition
2) action
3) feeling

Question 2

The James-Lange Theory of Emotion

• suggests that auto….. Aro…. And skeletal action occurs first in an e……
• the e…… Felt is the label we give to the aro…. Of the organs and muscles

**frightening situation—run away, increased heart rate—fear

Answer 2

• suggests that autonomic Arousal And skeletal action occurs first in an emotion
• the emotion Felt is the label we give to the arousal Of the organs and muscles

1) arousal
2) emotion

Question 3

The James Lang theory of emotion predictions

• James-Lange theory leads to two predictions:
  1) people with a weak au……. Or ske….. Response should feel less e……
  2) increasing ones response should enhance e…… (Experience)

Answer 3

1) people with a weak autonomic Or skeletal Response should feel less emotion
2) increasing ones response should enhance emotion (Experience)

Question 4

Emotions and autonomic arousal- pure autonomic failure

-research findings:
Paralyzed people report feeling emotion to (the same or different) degree as prior to their injury

-pure autonomic failure
/Output from autonomic nervous system to body fa…
/people with this condition report feeling (the same or different) emotions, but (more or less) intensely
~suggests other factors are involved in the perception of emotion

Answer 4

-research findings:
Paralyzed people report feeling emotion to the SAME degree as prior to their injury

-pure autonomic failure
/Output from autonomic nervous system to body FAILS
/people with this condition report feeling the SAME emotions, but LESS intensely
~suggests other factors are involved in the perception of emotion

Question 5

Emotions and autonomic arousal-BOTOX

-BOTOX blocks transmission at syn….. and nerve-muscle junctions

-people with BOTOX injections report:
Weaker than usual e…….. Responses after watching short videos
~implies body change is a important part of feeling an e……**

-however, people with certain types of brain damage show normal e…….. Responses

Facial feedback… Smiling can change internal state

Answer 5

-BOTOX blocks transmission at SYNAPSES and nerve-muscle junctions

-people with BOTOX injections report:
Weaker than usual EMOTIONAL Responses after watching short videos
~implies body change is a important part of feeling an EMOTION.**

-however, people with certain types of brain damage show normal EMOTIONAL Responses

Facial feedback… Smiling can change internal state

Question 6

Is physiological arousal sufficient for emotions?

-according to the James-Lange Theory, emotional feelings result from the b…’. A……

-pa… att…. Are marked by intense SNS arousal
(Rapid heartbeat, fast breathing, etc.)
~only of perceived as occurring spontaneously

Answer 6

-according to the James-Lange Theory, emotional feelings result from the BODY’S ACTIONS

-PANIC ATTACKS Are marked by intense SNS arousal
(Rapid heartbeat, fast breathing, etc.)
~only of perceived as occurring spontaneously

Question 7

Is physiological arousal sufficient for emotions?

-creating certain body actions may also slightly influence emotion
~smiling slightly increases h……..
~inducing a frown leads to the rating of stimuli as slightly (more or less) pleasant

-indicates that perception of the body’s actions (do or don’t) contribute to emotional feeling

-however, body’s actions are not required
~example: möbius syndrome (can’t smile)

Answer 7

Is physiological arousal sufficient for emotions?

-creating certain body actions may also slightly influence emotion
~smiling slightly increases HAPPINESS
~inducing a frown leads to the rating of stimuli as slightly LESS pleasant

-indicates that perception of the body’s actions DO contribute to emotional feeling

-however, body’s actions are not required
~example: möbius syndrome (can’t smile)

Question 8

Is emotion a useful concept?

-an emotion is usually considered a coherent “whole”

• however, it has three or more aspects
  1) co……. 2) f…… & 3) Ac….

-All aspects do/don’t always occur together

Answer 8

• however, it has three or more aspects
  1) COGNITION 2) FEELING & 3) ACTION

-All aspects DO NOT always occur together

Question 9

Is emotion a useful concept? The limbic system

-emotional experiences arouse many areas of the brain

-the limbic system includes the for…… areas surrounding the thalamus
~traditionally regarded as critical for emotion

-PET and fMRI studies suggest particular cortical areas are (activated or inhibited) during an emotional experience

Answer 9

-the limbic system includes the forebrain areas surrounding the thalamus
~traditionally regarded as critical for emotion

-PET and fMRI studies suggest particular cortical areas are ACTIVATED during an emotional experience

Hippocampus, amygdala, etc.

Question 10

Is emotion a useful concept! -Brain Imaging Studies

-recent review of brain imaging studies (did or didn’t) indicate that strong evidence exists for localization of emotions

No brain area is critical for emotion in general without contributing to other behavioral aspects

Answer 10

-recent review of brain imaging studies indicated NO strong evidence exists for localization of emotions