Powerpoint Terms 3 Again Flashcards
The forebrain- the limbic system
- Consists of a number of other interlinked structures that form a border around the b……..
- includes the o…….. B…, h……….., h………., a……., and c…….. G…. Of the cerebral cortex
-associated with motivation emotions such as:
E….., d……., s….. A……., a……, and a………
- Consists of a number of other interlinked structures that form a border around the brainstem
- includes the olfactory Bulb, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and cingulate Gyrus Of the cerebral cortex
-associated with motivation emotions such as:
Eating, drinking, sexual activity, anxiety, and aggression
The forebrain- subcortical regions
Structures underneath the cortex
-thalamus:
-hypothalamus:
The hypothalamus and the thalamus together form the “diencephalon”
The forebrain- subcortical regions
Structures underneath the cortex
-thalamus: relay station from the sensory organs; main source of input to the cortex
- hypothalamus: small area near the base
- conveys messages to the pituitary gland to alter the release of hormones
- associated with behaviors such as eating, drinking, sexual behavior, and other motivated behaviors
The forebrain- the pituitary gland and basal ganglia
- Pituitary gland
- basal ganglia: comprises the caudate n……, the p.. Amen, and the g….. Pallidus
Associated with: planning of m…. M……., and with aspects of memory and emotional expression
Also important for a…….., l……., p……., and other cognitive functions
Pituitary gland:
-hormone producing gland found at the base of the hypothalamus
Basal ganglia:
-comprises the caudate nucleus, the put amen, and the globus pallidus
Associated with: planning of motor movement, and with aspects of memory and emotional expression
Also important for attention, language, planning, and other cognitive functions
The forebrain- the basal forebrain
Composed of several structures that lie on the d….. Surface of the forebrain
Contains the n…… Basalis
-gets input from the h……….. And the b…. G……
- sends axons that release acetylcholine to the c……. C…..
- important in a……, w………., and a……..
Composed of several structures that lie on the dorsal Surface of the forebrain
Contains the nucleus Basalis
-gets input from the hypothalamus And the basal ganglia
- sends axons that release acetylcholine to the cerebral cortex
- important in arousal, wakefulness, and attention
The forebrain- hippocampus
Is critical for..?
Where is it at?
Toward the ……… Portion of the forebrain
Critical for storing certain types of memory, (new events)
Toward the posterior portion of the forebrain
Large structure between the thalamus and cerebral cortex
The ventricles
-four fluid filled cavities in the brains central canal containing c………… Fluid
-csf is: a clear fluid found….?
Provides what for the brain?
Reservoir of what?
-four fluid filled cavities in the brains central canal containing cerebrospinal Fluid
-csf is: a clear fluid found in the brain and spinal cord
Provides “cushioning” for the brain
Reservoir of hormones and nutrition for the brain and spinal cord
Helps maintain brain shape
The meninges
Membranes that surround what?
- contain what?
- meningitis is the inflammation of..?
- swollen blood vessels in the meninges Are the cause of what?
Membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
- *contains pain receptors
- inflammation of meninges
- cause of migraine headaches
The cerebral cortex
Consists of the c……. L….. On the outer surface of the cerebral hemisphere
- divided into how many parts?
- joined by what?
**more highly developed in human species!!
Consists of the cellular Layers On the outer surface of the cerebral hemisphere
Divided into two halves
Joined by corpus Callosum
-two bundles of axons
Organization of the cerebral cortex
Contains up to how many laminae (layers) that are parallel to the surface of the cortex?
Cells of the cortex are also divided into c…… That lay perpendicular to the laminae
6
Columns
What are the four lobes of the cerebral cortex?
Occipital
- known as the striate cortex or primary visual cortex
- located at the posterior end of the cortex
Parietal
- contains postcentral gyrus (primary somatosensory cortex)
- also responsible for processing and integrating information about the eye, head, and body positions from info sent from muscles and joints
- spatial information!! Counting on fingers
Temporal
- essential for processing spoken language
- also responsible for complex vision and some emotional behavior
- klüver-bucy syndrome
Frontal lobe
- contains prefrontal cortex(center for sensory information) and precentral gyrus(primary motor cortex)
- awareness of social norms
The prefrontal cortex is responsible for:
Higher functions such as..?
People with damage here exhibit a what?
Abstract thinking and planning
Working memory
Delayed response task
Prefrontal lobotomy
1940-50s
Surgical disconnection of the prefrontal cortex
Left patients withy apathy, lack of planning ability, memory disorders, and lack of emotional expression
Binding problem
A person can..?
Perceive two sensations as happening at the same time and in the same place
Ventriloquist
Research methods
Main categories include those who try to:
1) examine the effects of …?
2) examine the effects of stimulating a..?
3) record brain activity during?
4) correlate brain anatomy with?
1) brain damage
2) brain area
3) brain activity during behavior
4) brain anatomy with behavior
Stereotaxic instrument
Used to damage structures in the interior of the brain
