Module 3.3 Research Methods

Question 0

Lesion

Answer 0

Damage to a structure

Question 1

Ablation

Answer 1

Removal of a brain area, generally with a surgical knife

Question 2

Stereotaxic instrument

Answer 2

A device for the precise placement of electrodes in the brain

Question 3

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Answer 3

The application of an intense magnetic field to a portion of the scalp, temporarily inactivating neurons below the magnet

Question 4

Optogenetics

Early 2000s, Karl Deisseroth

Answer 4

Method of controlling a neurons activity by implanting a light-sensitive protein in the cell and then shining light onto it

Uses light to control populations of neurons

Allows control over excitation and inhibition of cells

Question 5

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

Answer 5

A device that records electrical activity of the brain through electrodes attached to the scalp

Question 6

Evoked potentials or evoked responses

Answer 6

Electrical recordings on the scalp from brain activity in response to a stimulus

-helpful when studying infants because they can’t give verbal responses

Question 7

Magnetoencephalograph (MEG)

Answer 7

A device that measures the faint magnetic fields generated by brain activity

Question 8

Positron-emission tomography (PET)

Answer 8

Method of mapping activity in a living brain by recording the emission of radioactivity from injected chemicals

Donut looking machine

Question 9

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Answer 9

A modified version of MRI that measures energies based on hemoglobin instead of water

Determines the brain areas receiving the greatest supply of blood and using the most oxygen

Question 10

Phrenology

Franz Gall, 1800s

Answer 10

A process of relating skull anatomy to behavior

Invalid!!!!

Question 11

Computerized axial tomography

CT or CAT scan

Answer 11

Method of visualizing a living brain by injecting a dye into the blood and placing a person’s head into a CT scanner

X-Rays are passed through the head and recorded by detectors on the opposite side

Can help detect tumors and other structural abnormalities

Question 12

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 12

Method of imaging a living brain by using a magnetic field and a radio frequency field to make atoms with odd atomic weights all rotate in the same direction and then removing those fields and measuring the energy that the atoms release