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study guide brainscape exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is health assessment?

A

A skill to identify normal from abnormal findings

It involves collecting, validating, and clustering data to assess the whole patient.

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2
Q

What does ADPIE stand for in the nursing process?

A

Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation

This framework guides nurses in providing care.

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the assessment phase in nursing?

A

To collect and analyze information about the whole individual

This includes physiological, psychological, psychosocial, and spiritual/cultural data.

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4
Q

Define critical thinking in nursing.

A

A broad term used to describe a set of skills aimed at continuously collecting data and cues while creating the best plan in any situation

It includes prioritizing care and problem-solving.

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5
Q

What are the levels of prevention in health care?

A

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary

Each level focuses on different aspects of disease prevention and health promotion.

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6
Q

What is primary prevention?

A

Prevention of disease and disability; focuses on improving overall health and well-being

Example: vaccinations.

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7
Q

What is secondary prevention?

A

Early screenings and detection of disease and treatment of diseases

Example: routine health check-ups.

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8
Q

What is tertiary prevention?

A

Restoration of health after illness or disease has occurred

Example: rehabilitation for stroke patients.

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9
Q

What does the American Nurse Association Code of Ethics for Nurses emphasize?

A

High standards including the maintenance of competency and skill based on evidence-based research.

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10
Q

What is the purpose of conducting a health history?

A

To gather information about a patient’s past and present health and personal beliefs influencing health and illness.

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11
Q

What is the Review of Systems (ROS)?

A

A subjective report by the patient about all body systems

It includes pertinent positives and negatives.

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12
Q

Define therapeutic communication.

A

Sensitive, nonjudgmental, culturally competent communication that is not rushed.

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13
Q

What does the acronym CLEAR stand for in health history interviewing?

A

Center, Listen, Empathy, Attention, Respect.

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14
Q

What is the significance of OLDCART in health assessments?

A

It helps structure the assessment of the history of present illness

OLDCART stands for Onset, Location, Duration, Characteristics, Aggravating factors, Relieving factors, Treatments.

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15
Q

What is the difference between objective and subjective data?

A

Objective data is observable (e.g., vital signs), while subjective data is reported by the patient (e.g., pain levels).

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16
Q

What are the components of a psychosocial assessment?

A

Behavioral, Environmental, Social, Financial/economic.

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17
Q

What does a nutritional assessment include?

A

Physical examination, anthropometric measurements, laboratory data, and food intake.

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18
Q

What is Body Mass Index (BMI) used for?

A

To screen for the amount of body fat based on height and weight.

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19
Q

What percentage weight loss indicates increased risk of malnutrition?

A

5% weight loss can be an early indicator.

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20
Q

What types of pain are identified in pain assessment?

A

Neuropathic, Somatic, Visceral, Colicky, Cutaneous.

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21
Q

What is the gold standard for assessing pain?

A

The patient’s self-report of pain.

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22
Q

What is the purpose of pain assessment tools?

A

To systematically assess the characteristics and intensity of pain.

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23
Q

What are the types of headaches?

A

Migraine, Cluster, Sinus, Tension.

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24
Q

What are standard precautions in nursing?

A

Hand hygiene and PPE as appropriate.

25
Q

What scale is used to assess pain levels from 0-10 based on patient report?

A

0-10 scale for pain assessment

26
Q

What is the PainQuILT tool used for?

A

Assessing chronic pain through 16 icons representing pain characteristics

27
Q

What type of scale is appropriate for clients who cannot verbalize pain?

A

Nonverbal descriptor scale

28
Q

What are the standard precautions in physical exams?

A

Hand hygiene, PPE as appropriate (gloves, gown, mask, eye protection, respirators)

29
Q

What is the best practice regarding hand hygiene during patient care?

A

Perform hand hygiene in front of the client when possible

30
Q

What is the recommended approach for patient positioning during health assessments?

A

Use an organized approach, least invasive to most invasive

31
Q

What factors can affect a patient’s ability to change positions?

A

Strength, limitations, and degree of wellness

32
Q

What is the sequence of the physical assessment?

A

IPPA (Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation)

33
Q

What is the sequence for assessing vital signs?

A

General survey, temperature, pulse, respiratory rate, blood pressure

34
Q

Where is body temperature regulated in the body?

A

Thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamus

35
Q

Define pulse rate.

A

Number of times the heart beats in a minute

36
Q

What does respiratory rate measure?

A

Breathing frequency of respiratory cycles

37
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

The force of blood exerted on the walls of the arteries

38
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

Stroke volume (mL) x heart rate

39
Q

Define stroke volume.

A

Amount of blood forced out of the heart with each heartbeat

40
Q

What is peripheral vascular resistance?

A

Resistance in the circulatory system used to create blood pressure

41
Q

What are normal tonsil findings?

A

Soft masses of lymphoid tissue, symmetric in size, grade 1+ bilaterally

42
Q

What is the function of the thyroid gland?

A

Endocrine function, metabolism, and hormone production

43
Q

What are normal nasal findings?

A

Nose centrally located, septum midline, bilateral nares pink and moist

44
Q

What does ‘normocephalic’ mean?

A

The head is normal in shape and size

45
Q

What condition is characterized by growth hormone excess?

A

Acromegaly

46
Q

What are normal findings for the eyes?

A

Symmetrical, clear cornea, pink conjunctiva, red reflex present, PERRLA

47
Q

What does PERRLA stand for?

A

Pupils Equal, Round, Reactive to Light and Accommodation

48
Q

What is conjunctivitis?

A

Bacterial or viral infection causing redness and discharge from the conjunctiva

49
Q

What is a hordeolum?

A

Inflammation of an eyelash follicle causing redness and a lump

50
Q

What is blepharitis?

A

Inflammation and infection of the eyelid margins

51
Q

What tests are used for hearing assessment?

A

Rinne, Weber, Whisper, Darwin tests

52
Q

What is tinnitus?

A

Ringing sound in the ears

53
Q

What is the purpose of a Snellen chart?

A

Assess visual acuity

54
Q

What is the function of an otoscope?

A

Examine the ear canal and eardrum

55
Q

What does a stadiometer measure?

A

Body height

56
Q

What does Healthy People 2030 recommend for preventing traumatic brain injury?

A

Recreational safety, fall prevention, car safety

57
Q

True or False: Open-angle glaucoma affects African Americans more often than whites.

A

True

58
Q

What risk factor increases the likelihood of developing glaucoma?

A

Diabetes

NUR211 (12 decks)

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