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NUR211 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How did the US healthcare system change over time

A

Our technology got better and so did our healthcare. People are living longer but suffering more.

there’s now focus on preventing diseases, chronic illness management, health promotion, and emphasis on Wellness

  • a need for community health centers, professional, home health services, assisted-living and long-term care facilities, and primary care providers
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2
Q

What is the WHO initiative

A

its aim is to ensure equal distribution of resources and access to healthcare. Encourages illness prevention.

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3
Q

diversity in nursing?

A

cultural influence effects treatments seeking patterns, an interactions with healthcare providers

nurses should respect, cultural differences while assessing patients

effectively assessing culture is a combination of just observing, talking to them, and being sensitive to their cultural sensitivities

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4
Q

patient centered care overview

A

– we recognize that patients have intrinsic value and we try to collaborate with other healthcare professionals to provide individualized care regardless of the patient’s setting. There’s a focus on holistic care.
– Patients act as a co-partner. You collaborate with a patient, not tell them what to do. You do something called decision-making. In the past patients were commanded by healthcare professionals but we don’t do that anymore.

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5
Q

Define assessment in nursing

A

– Detect abnormalities using your senses. Hearing seeing smelling feeling
– Use a holistic focus and assess not only the physical, but also the mental and cultural. Pick up nonverbal cues.

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6
Q

Is nursing practice a broad or narrow continuum?

A

broad. It covers prevention, health, promotion, and stress illness management. It also uses effective communciation to collaborate with patients and families which ensures better outcomes.

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7
Q

what two things can the subjective nature of health impact?

A

It can impact an individuals quality of life and functional ability. Healthcare is also subjective and meaning because it means different things to different people, communities, and families.

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8
Q

How is health defined by the World Health Organization WHO?

A

is defined as a state of complete physical, social, and mental well-being. Health is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
– It is seen from the holistic perspective by that WHO. Health is a balance of body mind and spirit. It’s influenced by the following; external environment, physiological, biological, behavioral, and economic political factors.

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9
Q

what are the five key determinants of health?

A

Genetics and biology, individual behavior, social environment, physical environment, health services

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10
Q

Who established the five key determinants of health?

A

The CDC.

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11
Q

And the five key determinants of health, what is genetics and biology?

A

Agent sex. Influence predisposition to certain diseases and conditions.

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12
Q

What is individual behavior as part of the five key determinants of health?

A

Alcohol, smoking, unpredicted sex. Behavior plays a crucial role in health outcomes.

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13
Q

What is social environment from the five key determinants of health?

A

it includes income level and lifestyle. Socioeconomic factors shape health access and habits.

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14
Q

what is physical environment in the five key determinants of health?

A

Physical environment refers to the conditions of where individuals LIVE and WORK.
And also the environmental quality.

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15
Q

What is health services in the five key determinants of health?

A

it means how accessible is healthcare services, including insurance. It means availability and quality of the services that you receive.

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16
Q

What is healthy people 2030?

A

it’s established by the US Department of health and human services. Updated every 10 years. Every 10 years they release a list of things they want to achieve in healthcare. It also identifies risk factors for diseases. Understanding risk is important to prevention of diseases. This is done to track progress we’ve made towards getting to the goals.

  1. health promotion
  2. disease prevention
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17
Q

What are the overarching goals of healthy people 2030?

A

although they have many goals, a summary of them is the overarching goals.

– Attain, healthy, thriving, lives, free, preventable diseases, disabilities, injuries, and premature death.
– Eliminate health, disparities and achieve health equity well improving health literacy.
– Create social, physical and economic environment conducted to health and well-being.
– Promote healthy development, behaviors, and well-being across all life stages.
– engage leadership and public sectors to design policies, improving health and well-being.

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18
Q

main objectives of healthy people, 2030?

A

– Collaborate with government, communities, and private public sectors.
– Guide individuals to make informed health decisions
– Measure progress and prevention overtime
– Achieve the vision of everyone living up to their potential and having maximum health
– Perform risk assessments across the lifespan, behaviors, populations, and social determinants of health.

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19
Q

What is the nursing rule and healthy people 2030?

A

Align patient care plans with healthy people 2030 objectives and goals.

20
Q

of all the possible goals that healthy people 2030 has set, those goals are organized into five categories to be found online. What are five categories that they’ve decided to organize all of their goals into?

A

Health conditions, health behaviors, populations, settings and systems, social determinants.

  • Examples of health conditions are Raitis, addictions., STI, Mental Health, STI
  • examples of health behaviors are using drugs, family planning, physical activity, vaccinations, sleep.
  • examples of populations are adolescence, children, LGBTQ, disabled, workforce
  • examples of settings and systems are community, health insurance, IT, public health, infrastructure, workplace, transportation, environmental health
  • examples of social determinants was outlined earlier. Economics, education, access, healthcare access, neighborhoods, social and community context.
21
Q

What is the USPSTF?

A
  • It’s the US preventative services task force. doctors use it to see what screenings pt qualifies for at their current age, weight, smoking status etc.
  • it was establish in 1984 as an independent group of interprofessional national experts. Use evidence based medicine to improve the health of Americans in the United States. They use the evidence from research to see what someone most likely needs for preventative testing.
  • make recommendations for screenings, counseling, preventative medication’s
  • they issue recommendations statements for proven of the services.
22
Q

what does US PSTF grade definitions mean? Do the definition for A to D and then I.

A
  • A: offer or provide the service. High certainty that the benefit is substantial.
  • B: Offer or provide the service. High certainty that the net benefit is moderate, or moderate certainty that there’s more benefit than not.
  • C: Offer based on circumstances. Recommend selective offering based on professional judgment. Small net benefit with a moderate certainty.
  • D: contraindicated. Discourage use of the service. Moderate or high certainty that the service has no benefit or that the harm outweigh the benefits.
  • I: insufficient evidence to assess the benefit versus the harm. Suggestion for practice is to read clinical considerations and the patient that there’s uncertainty if the service is offered.
23
Q

What is a preventative service? (4)

A
  • screening for diseases
  • health promotion counseling
  • preventative medications
  • immunization recommendations
24
Q

What is primary prevention?

A
  • Prevents ONSET of disease/disability by focusing on overall health and well-being.
  • Focus on risk reduction.

Ex: immunizations, nutrition, physical activity promotion, safe driving practices.

25
Q

What is secondary prevention?

A

Disease is ALREADY OCCURRING but symptoms are ASYMPTOMATIC. detects it in the early stages. Includes the types of screenings that detect disease.

ex: colonoscopy for colon cancer, glaucoma testing for early detection of vision loss, screening for substance use disorder.
So the only way to test for it is testing positive which means they already have the disease. When they test for breast cancer, the cells have already mutated. Mammograms will find cancerous cells. Secondary prevention is about halting the early disease

26
Q

What is tertiary prevention?

A

DISEASE ALREADY OCCURRING but no longer in the early stages. Focus on preventing major impact to life like disability, death through intensive rehabilitation and treatment. Goal of managing chronic conditions.

Ex: Stroke rehabilitation, inpatient clinical depression.

27
Q

What are some influencing factors on health promotion?

A
  • not having health insurance
  • not having enough money
28
Q

Does a health assessment take information on past or present data?

A

BOTH

29
Q

In general, what does the health assessment include (8)?

A

perform a physical exam & assess:
- physical health
- behavioral aspects
- spirituality
- social factors
- economical political aspects
- cultural variations
- life span and developmental

30
Q

What is the primary role of an RN?

A

Your priority responsibility is assessing the patient. this CANNOT be delegated to LPN or UAP (unlicensed assistive personnel)

31
Q

What is antiseptic?

A

Sterile environment. Absent of microbes

32
Q

In general, what are the five steps of the nursing process (in order?)

A
  1. Assessment
  2. Diagnosis
  3. Planning
  4. Implementation
  5. Evaluation
33
Q

What is the assessment step and define what you do

A

The first and essential step of the nursing process. Its purpose is to collect data on the WHOLE individual.

data on:
- physiological
- psychological
- economic
- culture/spiritual

34
Q

What is the diagnosis step?

A

identify potential or actual health problems or risks by combining subjective and objective data. uses a NURSING diagnosis to identify these problems.

35
Q

What is subjective data?

A

Anything that the patient reports that you cannot physically see them do while you are in the room with them.

Ex: pain levels (have to rely on patient to tell since I can’t see it for myself), discomfort, sneezing (if I don’t see them sneeze), feeling tired, smell, lightheaded or dizzy, nausea, itching (pruritus)

36
Q

What is the planning/outcomes step?

A

Collaborate with patient to develop a nursing plan for long and short term goals. Plan is communicated with team.

37
Q

What are the key elements in the planning/outcomes step?

A
  • specific
  • measurable
  • achievable
38
Q

What is the implementation step of the nursing process?

A

Implement interventions. not time limited (can take months or minutes)

anything you do to the patient to help them (medications you give) or anything in the plan of care you agreed on

39
Q

What is the evaluation step of the nursing process

A

have we met the goals?

(short or long term goals)

should the goals be adjusted? should we adjust the plan of care?

40
Q

Should you ignore the boyfriend/girlfriend of the patient?

A

No. Nursing should include the patient, their SO, and the heath care team caring for the individual.

41
Q

What is a sign vs a symptom?

A

A sign is objective evidence that can observed by others.

A symptom is a subjective experience that the patient reports.

42
Q

Four types of psychomotor skills and WHAT ORDER?

A

Inspect —> Palpate—-> Percuss—-> Auscultate

unless you are assessing the abdomen by which moving around the gut will alter the sound. In examining the abdomen:

Inspect —> Auscultate —> Percuss —> Palpate

*will be discussed later in Chapter 5

43
Q

What is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act? (PPACA)

A

started in 2010. people can now get health insurance through marketplace.

goals:

  • improve accessibility
  • preventative care
  • manage chronic conditions
  • affordability
  • higher quality
44
Q

What are the six core competencies established by QSEN?

A

nurses must be competent in

  1. patient centered care
  2. teamwork and collaboration
  3. evidence based practice
  4. quality improvement
  5. safety
  6. informatics
45
Q

What is the QSEN?

A

Prepare nurses with knowledge, skills and attitudes (KSA) they need to work

46
Q

What is evidence based practice?

A

It is one of the 6 core competencies established by the QSEN. Using research to back it, we use the best assessments and equipment to provide safe, effective quality care. This has been established since 1990.

NUR211 (12 decks)

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