Module 3 part 3

Question 1

What is cutaneous pain?

Answer 1

Cutaneous pain originates from the skin and subcutaneous tissue; it is superficial pain, described as sharp pain with short duration.

An example is a skin laceration.

Question 2

What characterizes colicky pain?

Answer 2

Colicky pain fluctuates in intensity from severe to mild and occurs in waves, usually related to spasms in the intestines.

(Venes, 2021)

Question 3

What is nociceptive pain?

Answer 3

Nociceptive pain results from damage or inflammation to the sensory nerves (nociceptors) in soft tissue; it may be described as dull, sharp, or achy pain.

Question 4

What are the two types of nociceptive pain?

Answer 4

• Somatic pain
• Visceral pain

Question 5

What is somatic pain?

Answer 5

Somatic pain is transmission of pain carried along the sensory fibers, often described as diffuse, sharp, intense, and well-localized in superficial structures.

Question 6

What types of tissues can somatic pain arise from?

Answer 6

• Skin
• Muscle
• Joints
• Bones
• Ligaments

Somatic pain is often known as musculoskeletal pain.

Question 7

What is visceral pain?

Answer 7

Visceral pain is activation of the nociceptors in the thoracic, abdomen, or pelvic viscera, characterized by vague or poorly localized sensations.

Question 8

What are common descriptions of visceral pain?

Answer 8

• Achy
• Squeezing
• Dull
• Deep
• Crampy

Caused by compression, ischemia, inflammation, or stretching of the abdominal cavity.

Question 9

What is neuropathic pain?

Answer 9

Neuropathic pain is caused by injury or damage to nerves in the peripheral or central nervous system, often described as sharp, stings, burns, with numbness and tingling sensations.

Question 10

What is an example of neuropathic pain?

Answer 10

Leg and foot pain related to diabetes.

Question 11

What is phantom limb syndrome?

Answer 11

Phantom limb syndrome is a type of neuropathic pain felt in a body part that has been removed.

Question 12

What are the two types of pain that occur after limb amputation?

Answer 12

• Residual limb pain localized on the stump
• Phantom limb pain (PLP) perceived in the area of the missing limb

Question 13

What is mirror therapy (MT)?

Answer 13

Mirror therapy is a procedure utilizing the visual recreation of movement of a lost limb by moving the intact limb in front of a mirror.

Question 14

What effect did mirror therapy have on chronic PLP patients in the study?

Answer 14

MT caused a significant reduction (27%) of PLP.

Question 15

What is psychogenic pain?

Answer 15

Psychogenic pain has no organic or structural cause; it is described as mental and emotional pain.

Question 16

What are some examples of causes for psychogenic pain?

Answer 16

• Social isolation
• Divorce
• Other emotional life experiences

Question 17

What factors should be considered when selecting a pain assessment scale?

Answer 17

Patient’s age, level of education, language skills, eyesight, lifespan variations

These factors help ensure the chosen scale is appropriate for the individual patient’s needs.

Question 18

What does the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) ask patients to do?

Answer 18

Estimate pain on a scale of 0 to 10

0 represents no pain, and 10 represents the worst possible pain.

Question 19

What age group is the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale recommended for?

Answer 19

Ages 3 years and older

This scale uses facial expressions to help patients communicate their pain levels.

Question 20

How does the Verbal Descriptor Pain Scale (VRS) work?

Answer 20

Patients select adjectives or phrases to describe their pain

Examples include mild, moderate, or severe.

Question 21

What unique feature does the Iowa Pain Thermometer (IPT) utilize?

Answer 21

A thermometer visualization to relate feelings of pain intensity

It helps patients who have DIFFICULTY VERBALLY COMMUNICATING or COGNITIVE DEFICITS

the “I” in iowa reminds me of a thermometer

Question 22

What is the primary purpose of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ)?

Answer 22

To measure pain using sensory and affective descriptors

The short-form MPQ consists of 15 words categorized into sensory and affective items.

Question 23

What does the Pain Assessment tool allow healthcare providers to do?

Answer 23

Mark pain location and intensity on a body diagram

It uses a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (excruciating pain).

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The Pain-QuILT tool consists of _______ icons to represent different types of pain.

Answer 24

16

Icons include aching, burning, dull, electrical, freezing, and more.

Question 25

True or False: The Pain-QuILT assessment has been shown to be preferred by a majority of patients.

Answer 25

True

It is quick, descriptive and easy to use. MC used.

Remmebr McGill is similar to Mcdonalds and people love that crap.

Question 26

What are some common pain assessment scales used by clinicians and researchers?

Answer 26

Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale, Verbal Descriptor Pain Scale (VRS), Iowa Pain Thermometer (IPT)

These scales have demonstrated reliability and validity across many populations.

Question 27

What does the Pain-QuILT tool allow patients to do?

Answer 27

Drag-and-drop icons onto a virtual body-map

Consists of 16 icons to represent aching, burning, dull, electrical, freezing, heavy, pinching, pins and needles, pounding, shooting, sharp, stabbing, stiffness, squeezing, throbbing, and “other” pain.

This shows the location, quality, and intensity of their pain.

think “quilt” like a blanket you put on your legs while on your laptop doing the test online

Question 28

How is the short-form MPQ structured?

Answer 28

15 representative words ranked on a 0 to 3 intensity scale

It forms sensory and affective categories.

Question 29

Which patients are communicatively impaired and/or can’t self report

Answer 29

• Older adults with advanced dementia.
• Neonates, infants, toddlers, and young children.
• Critically ill/unconscious patients.
• Persons with intellectual disabilities.
• Patients at the end of life

Question 30

Technique for monitoring pain for unable to self report patients

Answer 30

1. Use the Hierarchy of Pain Assessment Techniques
   a. Be aware of potential causes of pain including known painful interventions.
   b. Attempt self-report.
   c. Observe patient behaviors.
   d. Solicit reporting of pain and behavior/activity changes. e. Attempt analgesic trial.
2. Utilize behavioral pain assessment tools, as appropriate.
3. Minimize emphasis on vital signs.
4. Assess regularly, reassess post intervention, and document (Herr,
   2019).

Question 31

What tool do you use (pain assessment scale?)

Answer 31

two options.

PAINAD or CPOT.

CPOT is generally nonverbal critical care patients via nonverbal cues and observed at rest for 1 minute

PAINAD is for cog. impaired, noncommunicative, or dementia. observed for 5 minutes.