Study Guide 9 Flashcards
Antihistamines (or H1 receptor antagonists) block most, but not all, of the effects of histamine. They do this by competing at the histamine receptor sites throughout the body, thereby preventing histamine from entering these receptor sites and producing an effect on body tissues
Actions of Antihistamines
First-generation antihistamines bind nonselectively to central and peripheral H1 receptors and may result in central nervous system (CNS) stimulation or depression
usually occurs with higher doses and explains why some of these agents are used for sedation.
CNS depression
less sedating antihistamines
Topical antihistamines
Drowsiness or sedation
Disturbed coordination
CNS adverse reactions to antihistamines
affect the respiratory system and include the following:
Dryness of the mouth, nose, and throat
Thickening of bronchial secretions
Anticholinergic actions of antihistamines
Antihistamines are used cautiously in clients with
bronchial asthma, cardiovascular disease, narrow-angle glaucoma, hypertension, impaired kidney function, urinary retention, pyloroduodenal obstruction, and hyperthyroidism
drug that works directly on blood vessels to reduce swelling of the nasal passages, which, in turn, opens clogged nasal passages and enhances drainage of the sinuses
Decongestant
drug is used to relieve coughing. With a productive cough, secretions are made in the respiratory tract.
antitussive drug
Most antitussives depress the cough center located in the medulla
centrally acting drugs.
Codeine and dextromethorphan are examples of
centrally acting antitussives
increase the production of respiratory secretions, which in turn appear to decrease the viscosity of the mucus
Expectorants
Give me an example with mucolytic activity
mucolytic activity reduce the viscosity (thickness) of respiratory secretions by direct action on the mucus. An example of a mucolytic drug is acetylcysteine. One other mucolytic drug is on the market, dornase alfa (Pulmozyme). This agent is used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.
What herb can be used as a decongestant and expectorant?
Eucalyptus
Describe Mucomyst
Acute o’verdosage may be treated with administration of the drug acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) to prevent liver damage
related to pooling of or thick secretions
Ineffective airway clearance
is to discontinue the drug therapy gradually by initially discontinuing the medication in one nostril, followed by withdrawal from the other nostril
rebound nasal congestion
Dryness of the mouth, nose, and throat may occur when antihistamines are taken. Offer the client frequent sips of water or ice chips to relieve these symptoms. Sugarless gum or sugarless hard candy may also relieve these symptoms.,
Impaired Oral mucus membranes
When congestion produces secretions in either the respiratory passages or the lungs, expectorants or mucolytics are used, respectively
therapeutic response
‘Allergic symptoms; hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis and transfusion reactions; motion sickness; sleep aid; antitussive and Parkinson-like effects
Diphenhydramine
What to use for allergic rhinitis
Claritin
What to use for none gestation
Epinephrine
Two things codeine does
Suppression of nonproductive cough
Relief mild to moderate pain
What to use to Relief of cough associated with respiratory tract infection
Guaifenesin
Asthma medications are categorized into what two groups
long-term control medications
* quick-relief medications used to treat acute air flow obstruction
