Study Guide 1 Review Flashcards
_________ approaches provide students with coping skills to inoculate them against the temptation of using drugs and alcohol as an escape from difficulties.
Competence enhancement
A _________ can provide information about how cultural practices affect educational needs and can serve as an intermediary between the school psychologist and the community. Culture brokers help school psychologists to adjust their style of communication to match that of the families with whom they work, thereby increasing rapport and the likelihood of success with proposed interventions.
culture broker
_________ occurs when, over a period of time, there is an unintentional, systematic change in the operative definition of the behaviors that are being observed.
Observer drift
Research shows that the more schools reach out and engage _____ , the more they experience increased attendance.
parents
- Contacting the parents and discussing the situation may provide insight as to why the child is avoiding school, and will involve the parents as important members of the team. Also, by including the parents, a relationship may develop so the parents feel comfortable sharing important information with the team about the child’s home life.
Regularly helping others, accepting change, and keeping routines are all ways of increasing _______, but working without breaks decreases __________.
resilience
resilience
Individuals or groups from different backgrounds take on characteristics of the majority culture through________, as their language and culture begin to resemble those of the larger group.
assimilation
It is important to develop rapport and to understand the child’s perception of the problem and a(n) __________ is the best method to do this.
interview
Within a _________ model of assessment, child interviews are most helpful for establishing rapport and to better understand the child’s perspective on the issue.
multimethod
Problem-solving skills that relate to adjustment include _________, or the ability to come up with unrelated solutions to a problem; _________, or awareness of the intermediate steps required to achieve a particular goal; ___________, or the ability to identify what may happen as a direct result of acting in a particular way or choosing a particular solution; and ___________, or the ability to relate one event to another over time and to understand why one event led to a particular action. ____________ does not contribute to everyday adjustment.
a. causal thinking
b. Inconsequential thinking
c. alternative-solutions thinking
d. means-end thinking
e. consequential thinking
c. alternative-solutions thinking
d. means-end thinking
e. consequential thinking
a. causal thinking
b. Inconsequential thinking
Problem-solving skills that relate to adjustment include c. alternative-solutions thinking, or the ability to come up with unrelated solutions to a problem; d. means-end thinking, or awareness of the intermediate steps required to achieve a particular goal; e. consequential thinking, or the ability to identify what may happen as a direct result of acting in a particular way or choosing a particular solution; and a. causal thinking, or the ability to relate one event to another over time and to understand why one event led to a particular action. b. Inconsequential thinking does not contribute to everyday adjustment.
It can be challenging for a school psychologist to get young children to follow rigid assessment protocols, pay attention for long periods of time, andwork with an unfamiliar adult. However, _______ objectives appropriate for these ages have been established.
behavioral
The primary goal of _________ therapy is to teach children to identify and change irrational beliefs underlying psychological difficulties so that they can view themselves and others in a sensible and rational manner.
rational emotive behavior therapy
__________ refers to a logical thinking ability which, according to the psychologist Jean Piaget, is present in children during the preoperational stage of their development at ages 4–5, but develops in the concrete operational stage at ages 7–11. (This word refers to the ability to determine that a certain quantity will remain the same despite adjustment of the container, shape, or apparent size.)
Conservation
When a school psychologist obtains permission from parents or guardians to conduct an assessment, the school psychologist is seeking ___________
informed consent.
________ classroom management is the art and science of transforming a collection of young people into a cohesive group of learners. ______ (same word) classroom management is anticipating problems or interruptions before they occur and finding ways to eliminate or lessen their impact on learning.
Proactive
School psychologists can use data on poor attendance, too few credits earned, and high numbers of behavioral incidents to identify which students are at risk of dropping out. By focusing prevention efforts on these students, the drop-out rate should be reduced.
True of False
True
An extra copy of the __________ causes the most common form of Down syndrome, typically characterized by a protruding tongue, flattened facial traits, and intellectual disabilities. In addition, individuals with Down syndrome often have cardiac and vision issues.
twenty-first chromosome
A parent will only be prevented from participating in his or her child’s education if __________ Additionally, the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) best practices recommend, and research supports, parental involvement from both parents, stating that it is paramount to a child’s educational success.
a court order specifically denies visitation rights.
Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA), technology is mandated to help enhance learning opportunities for students with disabilities. Two elements are defined in IDEA for assistive technology: ____1_____ and ___2_____. ____1___ are equipment-related, while _____2_____ involve modification of environments, adaptations of assessment procedures, or training others to work with the child.
devices and services.
Devices, services.
- Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA), technology is mandated to help enhance learning opportunities for students with disabilities. Two elements are defined in IDEA for assistive technology: devices and services. Devices are equipment-related, while services involve modification of environments, adaptations of assessment procedures, or training others to work with the child.
__________individuals strive to achieve because of internal factors, such as curiosity and the desire to learn, not because of external rewards, such as grades or championship titles.
Intrinsically motivated
School psychologists may be experiencing a greater amount of one-on-one time with students because of a greater number of teacher referrals, because
(A) increased training means that staff are recognizing symptoms earlier
(B) because the school psychologists enjoy meeting the students and encourage them to come in.
(C) Both A and B
C
The _______ effect essentially causes competitive behaviors between the control group and the experimental group in a study.
John Henry
The _________ is a cognitive bias in which an observer’s overall impression of a person, company, brand, or product influences the observer’s feelings and thoughts about that entity’s character or properties. It was named by psychologist _______.
Halo effect
It was named by psychologist Edward Thorndike in reference to a person being perceived as having a halo.
In psychology and cognitive science, _______ is a tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that confirms one’s preconceptions, leading to statistical errors.
confirmation bias (or confirmatory bias)
In statistics, ________ is a bias in which a sample is collected in such a way that some members of the intended population are less likely to be included than others.
sampling bias