Practice 3 Flashcards
Mental discipline is the view that learning certain subjects (e.g. classics, mathematics) enhances
mental functioning better than other subjects. Thorndike tested this view and found
a. Great support of mental discipline
b. Students who had greater ability to begin with made best progress regardless of what
they studied
c. Drilling students on specific skills does assist in mastery
d. Students became proficient if they applied skills learned
b. Students who had greater ability to begin with made best progress regardless of what
they studied
According to Pavlov, generalization is said to occur when
a. A conditioned response to one stimulus can also be elicited by another dissimilar but nearly similar
b. Conditioned reflexes are strengthened which reinforces repetition
c. Initial random behavior is followed by a cat “catching on” and quickly opening the
door
d. Conditioned responses gradually disappear without reinforcement
a. A conditioned response to one stimulus can also be elicited by another dissimilar but nearly similar
Cognitive theorists recognize learning involves associations established through
a. Contiguity and repetition
b. Meaningful effects
c. a only
d. a & b
d. a & b
Constructivists believe
a. Much of reality is shared through social negotiation
b. Learning is a mechanistic process
c. Learners construct their own reality, or at least interpret it, based upon their perceptions of experience so an individual’s knowledge is a function of one’s prior experiences, mental structures, and beliefs
d. None of the above
c. Learners construct their own reality, or at least interpret it, based upon their perceptions of experience so an individual’s knowledge is a function of one’s prior experiences, mental structures, and beliefs
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory emphasizes the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ as a facilitator ofdevelopment and learning a. Social environment b. Use of cultural tools c. Process of reinforcement d. Level of transfer
a. Social environment
Empiricism is the doctrine that postulates
a. Internal forces energize and propel one into action
b. All forms of knowledge are justifiable because they are constructed by learners,
especially if they reflect social consensus
c. Experience is the only source of knowledge
d. Knowledge derives from reason without the aid of the senses
c. Experience is the only source of knowledge
The philosophical doctrine which postulates that the mind is composed of associations of ideas and that studying the complexities of the mind requires breaking associations into single ideas is known as a. Rationalism b. Constructivism c. Structuralism d. Contextualism
a. Rationalism
The process whereby students personally activate and sustain behaviors, cognitions, and affects which are systematically oriented toward the attainment of learning goals is
a. Executive control
b. Self‐monitoring
c. Self‐regulation
d. Self‐instructional training
c. Self‐regulation
Personal beliefs concerning one’s capabilities to organize and implement actions necessary to learn or perform behavior at designated levels is known as
a. Self‐worth
b. Self‐determination
c. Self‐actualization
d. None of the above
d. None of the above
The amount of learning possible by a student given proper instructional conditions is
a. Zone of proximal development
b. Volition
c. Top‐down processing
d. All of the above
a. Zone of proximal development
Successful home‐school collaboration is dependent upon
a. Families and community members working together to understand each others’
perspectives and to develop shared goals
b. Training of teachers and administrators in practices that reach out to all families
c. Quantity and quality of communication between schools and families
d. Developing activities that encourage families to become involved in schools
e. All of the above
e. All of the above
. Which theorist believed that children imitate the behavior of significant people in their lives as a result of observational learning? a. Thorndike b. Bandura c. Skinner d. Pavlov e. Watson
b. Bandura
A student was referred to the school psychologist for difficulty with attention and focus in the classroom.The school psychologist considered many factors that could be impacting this student’s ability to maintain focus during class time. Neurologically, the school psychologist understands that most attention difficulties stem from dysfunction in the orbital circuit of the frontal lobe.What is another area of the brain that could be the alternate cause to the student’s attention difficulties?
a. Left hemisphere
b. Right hemisphere parietal lobe dysfunction
c. Left hemisphere temporal lobe dysfunction
d. Left posterior temporal lobe dysfunction
e. Right hemisphere supplementary motor cortex
b. Right hemisphere parietal lobe dysfunction
Which brain chemical is largely implicated in depression?
a. Melatonin
b. Serotonine
c. Neuropeptides
d. Endorphins
e. Dopamine
b. Serotonine
According to Erikson, a 14‐year old adolescent is negotiating which stage of development?
a. Industry vs. Inferiority
b. Intimacy vs. Isolation
c. Initiation vs. Dependency
d. Identity vs. Role Confusion
e. Initiative vs. Guilt
d. Identity vs. Role Confusion
Timmy does not want to get into trouble at school because he does not want the disapproval of his authoritarian parents.Which stage of moral development would this child fall under according to Kohlberg? a. Assimilation b. Preconventional c. Conventional d. Post conventional e. Accommodation
c. Conventional
According to Freud, the component of personality responsible for dealing with reality is which of the following?
a. Superego
b. Id
c. Reality principle
d. Ego
e. Superlative ego
d. Ego
Johnny enjoys playing the piano.He comes home nearly every day after schooland plays for about an hour.This is an example of which of the following?
a. Extrinsic motivation
b. Extrinsic reward
c. Intrinsic motivation
d. Metacognition
e. Premack Principle
c. Intrinsic motivation
The Theory of Multiple Intelligences involves the idea that all humans have core abilities in
various areas of intelligence.Which of the following psychologists is best known for this theory?
a. Howard Gardner
b. Abraham Maslow
c. Louis L. Thurstone
d. Erik Erikson
e. Dan Goleman
a. Howard Gardner
Which of the following terms describes the process that the brain goes through when attempting to reach an equilibrium that optimizes beneficial pathways and minimizes dysfunctional ones? a. Myelination b. Dendritic Branching c. Neuronal Pruning d. Agenisis of the Corpus Collosum e. Resting Potential
c. Neuronal Pruning
Procedural knowledge refers to
a. environmental events that become conditioned stimuli and produce conditioned
responses
b. One’s efforts to achieve a goal for which one does not have an automatic solution
c. Knowledge of how to do something: employ algorithms and rules, identify concepts, and solve problems.
d. Cognitive activities engaged in goal setting
c. Knowledge of how to do something: employ algorithms and rules, identify concepts, and solve problems.
An internal plan comprised of expectations of which actions are required to attain one’s goal is known as a. Comprehension b. Concrete operations c. Conception ability d. Cognitive map
d. Cognitive map
The growth of children’s intellectual development according to Piaget involves
a. Assimilation, accommodation, and motivation
b. Assimilation, equilibration, and structure
c. Assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration
d. None of the above
c. Assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration
. Practicing or rehearsing that improves retention, especially when it is distributed over time is known as a. Level of processing effects b. Schema effects c. Transfer effects d. Practice effects
c. Transfer effects