Practice 3 Flashcards
Mental discipline is the view that learning certain subjects (e.g. classics, mathematics) enhances
mental functioning better than other subjects. Thorndike tested this view and found
a. Great support of mental discipline
b. Students who had greater ability to begin with made best progress regardless of what
they studied
c. Drilling students on specific skills does assist in mastery
d. Students became proficient if they applied skills learned
b. Students who had greater ability to begin with made best progress regardless of what
they studied
According to Pavlov, generalization is said to occur when
a. A conditioned response to one stimulus can also be elicited by another dissimilar but nearly similar
b. Conditioned reflexes are strengthened which reinforces repetition
c. Initial random behavior is followed by a cat “catching on” and quickly opening the
door
d. Conditioned responses gradually disappear without reinforcement
a. A conditioned response to one stimulus can also be elicited by another dissimilar but nearly similar
Cognitive theorists recognize learning involves associations established through
a. Contiguity and repetition
b. Meaningful effects
c. a only
d. a & b
d. a & b
Constructivists believe
a. Much of reality is shared through social negotiation
b. Learning is a mechanistic process
c. Learners construct their own reality, or at least interpret it, based upon their perceptions of experience so an individual’s knowledge is a function of one’s prior experiences, mental structures, and beliefs
d. None of the above
c. Learners construct their own reality, or at least interpret it, based upon their perceptions of experience so an individual’s knowledge is a function of one’s prior experiences, mental structures, and beliefs
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory emphasizes the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ as a facilitator ofdevelopment and learning a. Social environment b. Use of cultural tools c. Process of reinforcement d. Level of transfer
a. Social environment
Empiricism is the doctrine that postulates
a. Internal forces energize and propel one into action
b. All forms of knowledge are justifiable because they are constructed by learners,
especially if they reflect social consensus
c. Experience is the only source of knowledge
d. Knowledge derives from reason without the aid of the senses
c. Experience is the only source of knowledge
The philosophical doctrine which postulates that the mind is composed of associations of ideas and that studying the complexities of the mind requires breaking associations into single ideas is known as a. Rationalism b. Constructivism c. Structuralism d. Contextualism
a. Rationalism
The process whereby students personally activate and sustain behaviors, cognitions, and affects which are systematically oriented toward the attainment of learning goals is
a. Executive control
b. Self‐monitoring
c. Self‐regulation
d. Self‐instructional training
c. Self‐regulation
Personal beliefs concerning one’s capabilities to organize and implement actions necessary to learn or perform behavior at designated levels is known as
a. Self‐worth
b. Self‐determination
c. Self‐actualization
d. None of the above
d. None of the above
The amount of learning possible by a student given proper instructional conditions is
a. Zone of proximal development
b. Volition
c. Top‐down processing
d. All of the above
a. Zone of proximal development
Successful home‐school collaboration is dependent upon
a. Families and community members working together to understand each others’
perspectives and to develop shared goals
b. Training of teachers and administrators in practices that reach out to all families
c. Quantity and quality of communication between schools and families
d. Developing activities that encourage families to become involved in schools
e. All of the above
e. All of the above
. Which theorist believed that children imitate the behavior of significant people in their lives as a result of observational learning? a. Thorndike b. Bandura c. Skinner d. Pavlov e. Watson
b. Bandura
A student was referred to the school psychologist for difficulty with attention and focus in the classroom.The school psychologist considered many factors that could be impacting this student’s ability to maintain focus during class time. Neurologically, the school psychologist understands that most attention difficulties stem from dysfunction in the orbital circuit of the frontal lobe.What is another area of the brain that could be the alternate cause to the student’s attention difficulties?
a. Left hemisphere
b. Right hemisphere parietal lobe dysfunction
c. Left hemisphere temporal lobe dysfunction
d. Left posterior temporal lobe dysfunction
e. Right hemisphere supplementary motor cortex
b. Right hemisphere parietal lobe dysfunction
Which brain chemical is largely implicated in depression?
a. Melatonin
b. Serotonine
c. Neuropeptides
d. Endorphins
e. Dopamine
b. Serotonine
According to Erikson, a 14‐year old adolescent is negotiating which stage of development?
a. Industry vs. Inferiority
b. Intimacy vs. Isolation
c. Initiation vs. Dependency
d. Identity vs. Role Confusion
e. Initiative vs. Guilt
d. Identity vs. Role Confusion
Timmy does not want to get into trouble at school because he does not want the disapproval of his authoritarian parents.Which stage of moral development would this child fall under according to Kohlberg? a. Assimilation b. Preconventional c. Conventional d. Post conventional e. Accommodation
c. Conventional
According to Freud, the component of personality responsible for dealing with reality is which of the following?
a. Superego
b. Id
c. Reality principle
d. Ego
e. Superlative ego
d. Ego
Johnny enjoys playing the piano.He comes home nearly every day after schooland plays for about an hour.This is an example of which of the following?
a. Extrinsic motivation
b. Extrinsic reward
c. Intrinsic motivation
d. Metacognition
e. Premack Principle
c. Intrinsic motivation
The Theory of Multiple Intelligences involves the idea that all humans have core abilities in
various areas of intelligence.Which of the following psychologists is best known for this theory?
a. Howard Gardner
b. Abraham Maslow
c. Louis L. Thurstone
d. Erik Erikson
e. Dan Goleman
a. Howard Gardner
Which of the following terms describes the process that the brain goes through when attempting to reach an equilibrium that optimizes beneficial pathways and minimizes dysfunctional ones? a. Myelination b. Dendritic Branching c. Neuronal Pruning d. Agenisis of the Corpus Collosum e. Resting Potential
c. Neuronal Pruning
Procedural knowledge refers to
a. environmental events that become conditioned stimuli and produce conditioned
responses
b. One’s efforts to achieve a goal for which one does not have an automatic solution
c. Knowledge of how to do something: employ algorithms and rules, identify concepts, and solve problems.
d. Cognitive activities engaged in goal setting
c. Knowledge of how to do something: employ algorithms and rules, identify concepts, and solve problems.
An internal plan comprised of expectations of which actions are required to attain one’s goal is known as a. Comprehension b. Concrete operations c. Conception ability d. Cognitive map
d. Cognitive map
The growth of children’s intellectual development according to Piaget involves
a. Assimilation, accommodation, and motivation
b. Assimilation, equilibration, and structure
c. Assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration
d. None of the above
c. Assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration
. Practicing or rehearsing that improves retention, especially when it is distributed over time is known as a. Level of processing effects b. Schema effects c. Transfer effects d. Practice effects
c. Transfer effects
A difference between Operant conditioning and Classical conditioning is
a. In operant conditioning, one systematically administers a reward to produce the desired
operant behavior
b. In classical conditioning, the “learning” is dependent upon inevitable responses that are
natural to the organism
c. Operant responses are contrived and conditioned responses become natural
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
What court case in the 1970s held that the state was responsible for providing a free public
education to all children with mental retardation between 6 and 21 years of age?
a. PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
b. Brown v. Board of Education
c. Mills v. District of Columbia
d. Everret v. Santa Barbara
d. Everret v. Santa Barbara
The ________________ principle in IDEA requires that public schools provide special education
and related services to meet the individual needs of all students.
a. Zero exclusion
b. Zero affect
c. Zero inclusion
d. Zero tolerance
a. Zero exclusion
Becky has been identified as having the condition “mental retardation.” Rather than refer to
Becky as retarded, her school records describe her as a “child with mental retardation.” This is
an example of:
a. Person‐first philosophy
b. Self‐imposed label
c. Environmental bias
d. Cultural bias
a. Person‐first philosophy
What is the purpose of promoting cultural pluralism?
a. To teach all students about cultural diversity
b. To allow students to learn only about their own cultural values
c. To require teachers to understand and speak multiple languages
d. To provide a method for categorizing students for classroom placement
a. To teach all students about cultural diversity
Which stage of parental response to the birth of a handicapped child is characterized by denial and/or grief? a. Defensive retreat stage b. Tertiary stage c. Shock stage d. Acceptance stage
a. Defensive retreat stage
Which theory of intelligence is a recent informational processing theory that emphasizes three
aspects of intelligent behavior not normally tapped by IQ tests?
a. Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
b. Carroll’s Three‐Stratum Theory of Intelligence
c. Guilford’s Theory of Intelligence
d. Thurstone’s Theory of Intelligence
e. Thorndike’s Theory of Intelligence
a. Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
The school psychologist requests that a teacher complete a behavior rating scale as part of a student’s functional behavioral assessment (FBA).Upon receiving the completed behavior rating scale, the school psychologist realizes that the age‐range of the form was inappropriate for the particular student who is being assessed. Which of the following actions should the
school psychologist pursue?
a. Transfer the responses to the appropriate form
b. Score the completed form
c. Request the teacher complete the age appropriate form
d. Blame the teacher
e. Eliminate the behavior rating scale from the FBA
c. Request the teacher complete the age appropriate form
A teacher requests that the school psychologist share information discussed in counseling sessions with her student. How should the school psychologist respond to the teacher’s request?
a. Provide them with the requested information using electronic mail
b. Explain how ethical principles of confidentially prohibit the sharing this information
c. Provide them with a written report
d. Invite them to listen in on the next counseling session
e. Schedule a conference with the teacher to discuss the information shared during the
student’s counseling session
b. Explain how ethical principles of confidentially prohibit the sharing this information
During a counseling session, the school psychologist becomes concerned that the counselee
may intend to inflict harm upon him/herself.How should the school psychologist respond in
this situation?
a. The school psychologist is unable to act due to client confidentiality
b. Continue to discuss the situation at the next counseling session
c. Address the situation and alert the appropriate personnel to ensure the child’s safety
d. Send a letter to the child’s parents expressing concern for the child’s intention to harm
him/herself
e. Ignore the issue
c. Address the situation and alert the appropriate personnel to ensure the child’s safety
Court case decisions have supported the inclusion of handicapped students in general education classrooms. School districts must meet the burden of showing that a student cannot be educated satisfactorily in a general education classroom with supplementary aids and services. Schools must make reasonable attempts to include handicapped children, including cognitively impaired children, in regular education classes. Which court case was influential in supporting the inclusion of handicapped students?
a. Brown vs. Topeka BOE
b. Lau vs. Nichols
c. Tarasoff vs. Regents of California
d. Oberti vs. Clementon
e. Riles vs. Larry P.
d. Oberti vs. Clementon
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Act both prohibit discrimination of people with disabilities. The prohibitions of both laws apply directly to public school districts and require schools to make reasonable accommodations for students with disabilities. What type of law is this and who handles violations?
a. Program Law, Federal Department of Education
b. Funding Law, Department of State Education
c. Civil Rights Law, Office of Civil Rights
d. Special Education Law, State Department of Special Education
e. LEA Policies and Procedures, Local Board of Education
c. Civil Rights Law, Office of Civil Rights
In Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education, the judge ruled that educating minority children in
separate but equal facilities denied them equal educational opportunity. In this court case, the Topeka Board of Education was in violation of which of the following?
a. Desegregation Act of 1961
b. Plessey vs. Ferguson 1896
c. The 14th Amendment: Equal Protection Clause
d. Lau vs. Nichols
e. Oberti vs. Clementon
d. Lau vs. Nichols
Mr. and Mrs. Strong attended a meeting with the district child study team to discuss the special education placement of their classified kindergarten daughter, Angela. She presently attends
the district’s self contained behavior disabilities class for half‐day sessions. Angela performs on grade level and is making adequate progress in the half‐day program. However, the parents insist that Angela would benefit from a whole day program in the behavior disabilities class and
that the whole day program would be ideal for her educationally. However, the school district refuses the full day program, stating that Angela’s present placement already offers her a
reasonable opportunity to learn. The school says that they do not have to provide the best or maximum education, only a reasonable opportunity to learn. What court case decision supports the school in this situation?
a. Hendrick Hudson vs. Rowley
b. Nicholas vs. Lau
c. Irving vs. Tatro
d. Goss vs. Lopez
e. Oberti vs. Clementon
a. Hendrick Hudson vs. Rowley
Which reason listed below is NOT a justification for a parent or eligible student to request an amendment to his/her records under FERPA?
a. The information is inaccurate
b. The parent disagrees with something contained in the records
c. The information is misleading
d. A violation of privacy has occurred
e. The information contains typographical errors
b. The parent disagrees with something contained in the records
Within a three‐tiered model of intervention, activities at the universal (primary prevention) level
could include which of the following?
a. A classroom‐based social‐emotional learning curriculum for students in kindergarten
through third grade
b. Remedial instruction provided for students who performed poorly on standardized
testing
c. Social skills training group for students who have been having problems on the
playground
d. None of the above
a. A classroom‐based social‐emotional learning curriculum for students in kindergarten
through third grade
. According to IDEA, learning disabilities include students who have learning problems resulting
from:
a. A low IQ
b. Behavior problems
c. A disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes.
d. Low socioeconomic status
c. A disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes.
Some estimates suggest that 80‐90 percent of students with learning disabilities have deficits in:
a. Cognitive development
b. Motor development
c. Reading
d. Language
c. Reading
Literature on ADHD increasingly reflects on impulse control and thinking about the
consequences of one’s own actions.This ability to monitor and regulate is sometimes known as
a. Intercentric awareness
b. Explicit control
c. Extracentric awareness
d. Executive function
d. Executive function
The U.S. Department of Education has stipulated that ADHD students are eligible for services under the IDEA category of
a. Other health impairment
b. Orthopedic impairment
c. Mental retardation
d. Emotional/behavioral disorders
a. Other health impairment
Which of the following behaviors represents an externalizing disorder?
a. Feeling abandoned
b. Hearing voices
c. Spitting on a sibling
d. Experiencing test anxiety
c. Spitting on a sibling
Which of the following behaviors represents an internalizing disorder?
a. Experiencing anxiety
b. Challenging an authority figure
c. Refusing to follow a teacher’s direction
d. Setting fires
a. Experiencing anxiety
A major component of the 2002 American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR) definition is: a. Reading achievement b. Adaptive skills c. Emotional instability d. Brain development
b. Adaptive skills
