Study Guide 1 Review 2 Flashcards
The KBIT-2 should not be substituted for a comprehensive measure of intellectual abilities.
True or false
True
__________ was involved in the development of the fields of clinical psychology and school psychology. Specifically, he is known for starting the first child clinic and developing training for experts who work with children with special needs.
Lightner Witmer
Best practices literature on culturally appropriate assessments for ELL students recommends using 1)_________ and 2)__________________ to minimize bias.
1) nonverbal assessments and
2) those that limit the use of verbally, linguistically, and culturally loaded tasks
____________refers to practicing newly learned behaviors in the structured, protective situation of role-playing.
Behavioral rehearsal
Behavioral rehearsal can take three forms: _____, _____, and ______.
covert, overt, and verbal.
A school psychologist asks her students to mentally practice a behavior. This is an example of a __________ exercise.
covert-rehearsal
The main goal of Croanbach’s correlational approach is to fit people to existing programs.
True or False
TRUE
A major purpose of the Aptitude by Treatment Intervention (ATI) approach was to match groups for instruction.
True or False
FALSE
A major purpose of the Aptitude by Treatment Intervention (ATI) approach was to individualize instruction
The traditional school psychology paradigm focuses on ________________,
children’s deficits
One advantage of conducting special education research is that student’s can be randomly assigned to treatments.
True or False
FALSE
One problem with conducting special education research is that student’s canNOT be randomly assigned to treatments.
Students with LD account for more than ______ of all special ed students
more than half
Another term used for the ability-achievement discrepancy model is _______.
experimental
Including students with disabilities in state testing was the result of a national movement towards __________.
accountability
Under the traditional SP paradigm SPs spend the most time on ___________________.
assessing children with standardized tests
The proposed new school psychology paradigm stresses ______________.
prevention
When determining expectations for the individual, it is advantageous to compare the child to their previous expectation.
True or False
TRUE
What four questions guide the problem-solving process?
1) Is there a problem and what is it?
2) Why is it happening? 3)What should be done about it?
4) Did the intervention work?
The acronym RIOT is helpful in identifying assessment methods that could be used in assessing autism. What does RIOT stand for?
- R (review of reports)
- I (interview of caregivers)
- O (observations of the child)
- T (Testing of the child)
IDEA requires _______ for students with disabilities when these students become the subject of school discipline proceedings.
FBA’s
Students with chronic behavioral issues comprise __-__% of the school population
1-5
When assessing problem behaviors with students with Autism it is recommended to use a_______ approach.
Functional
Which of the following is critical when considering best practices in programming for students with Autism?
a) curricular activities that are developmentally appropriate
b) providing a structured environment
c) schedules and routines
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
The PEP-R (psychoeducational profile revised) Assessments lack evidence of utility in educational decision making.
True or False
True
Despite its widespread use, the PEP-R (psychoeducational profile revised) Assessments lack evidence of utility in educational decision making.
The _______ is an instrument that has been used to assess abilities and formulate treatment programs for children with autism and related developmental disorders. The instrument was not originally designed to determine a child’s general level of intellectual functioning, nor as a psychometric instrument. Its general purpose, in fact, is to describe the typically uneven and idiosyncratic learning profiles of children with autism or related developmental disorders and therefore, to assist rehabilitation personnel in developing personalized intervention strategies for an individual child.
PEP-R (psychoeducational profile revised)
The diagnostic category of _____________ refers to a group of disorders characterized by delays in the development of socialization and communication skills. Parents may note symptoms as early as infancy, although the typical age of onset is before 3 years of age.
pervasive developmental disorders (PDD)
What is the average length of time required to acquire Cognitive/Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) under the best classroom conditions? :
five to seven years
Autism and other diagnoses on the Autism Spectrum are considered _____ incidence disabilities.
High or low?
low
What are the effects of large-scale testing of second language learners includes?
- overrepresentation of second language learners in sp ed programs
- dire social and economic consequences for students that are misdiagnosed and placed in minimal curricular programs
- second language learners dropping out of school because of low test results and being placed into SpEd.
The best way for second language learners to learn to communicate in English is to first develop ____________ , then they develop more involved cognitive/academic language proficiency skills.
basic interpersonal communications skills (BICS)
Spanish-speaking students make up _____ of all second language learners
75%
_____% of the student body will be made up of second language learners in 2026.
25%
LEP stands for
Limited English Proficiency
Mishandling by caregivers is a common cause of ________ of infants
TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury)
The educational definition of TBI excludes children who are affected by _______ (A build-up of fluid in the cavities deep within the brain) .
hydrocephaly
For a TBI child, exhibiting a lack of initiating, the strategy suggested is to respond to the behavior the same way each time it occurs.
True or False
True
TBI Recovery is effected by:
a. the extent of damage
b. age
c. site of injury
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Post traumatic amnesia (PTA) is considered very severe when it lasts.
True or False
True
An ____________ instructor has special training in facilitating safe and independent travel for students who are visually impaired or blind.
orientation and mobility
Functional ________ assessments can include information regarding appropriate illumination.
a. color
b. vision
c. hearing
d. all of the above
B. vision
Retinal detachment can be caused by trauma to the head or ___________.
diabetes
Most visual losses are__________ for school-age children.
hereditary
Children who are hearing impaired typically have average ________ abilities and below average __________ achievement.
intellectual
academic
Best practice approach for teacher instruction with children who are hearing impaired include pausing in presentation of materials; sequential presentation of materials; and monitoring _______.
a. turn taking
b. recess
c. test taking
d. social activities
a. turn taking
An ideal seating arrangement in a classroom for a child who is hearing impaired is ________ shape
horseshoe
Experts advise that early ___________ and early ____________ are critical in the experience of a child who is hearing impaired.
early childhood identification and intensive language intervention
The majority of students who are hearing impaired have at least one hearing impaired parents.
True or False
FALSE
The majority of students who are hearing impaired have hearing parents.
When one is working with an individual of the hearing impaired population, some variables to consider include the
a. etiology of deafness
b. the range and diversity of hearing loss type
c. the degree of hearing loss.
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
PASSKey stand for:
Planned Activity, Strategic Sampling, and Keystone variable
_______ refers to judgements by the caregiver regarding reasonableness: the appropriateness, fairness, intrusiveness, and normality of interventions
Acceptability
One of the best-supported interventions for early literacy skills is _________.
reading to children
______ variables are those that, if changed are likely to positively impact the largest set of other significant behaviors, perceptions, or problem environments to most efficiently provide long term resolution of problem
Keystone
The end result of functional assessments using ________ procedures are collaboratively developed intervention scripts for resolving problem situations that are then tried out, refined, evaluated and ultimately faded.
PASSKey
When guided by intervention design and a problem-solving model, those involved should emphasize the identification of problem situations not problem _______.
children
The definition of a _______ intervention design: an intervention that identifies the lease intrusive, most robust intervention that will accomplish the goals of change within a natural setting.
naturalistic
Barkley attributes all symptoms of ADHD to a single phenomenon - _________.
Behavioral disinhibition
Teachers usually provide the best information regarding ______ in various academic settings.
behavior
Limitations of Rating Scales include:
- rating scales represent informant’s impressions of that behavior
- rater may not remember exact behavior
- rater may be biased.
ADHD is often comorbid with (name 3):
Conduct Disorder; achievement problems, social problems
A _______ intervention program targets students who are already manifesting significant problems, interacting appropriately with others, or who have an established history of violent behavior
tertiary
The goal of ______ prevention is Maintaining current functioning strengths, with hopes for significant improvement of self-restraint skills.
tertiary
Prevention efforts at the ______ level primarily focus on behavioral self-control skills training in a group or individually.
secondary
The best practice for dealing with bullying is a _______ approach that includes the bully, the victim, the school, the family, and the community.
systems-wide
The goal of the _________ step of violence prevention and intervention planning is to build a prevention plan based on the knowledge acquired through the needs assessment process.
problem analysis
Effective ________ programs are characterized by parent or family involvement; sensitivity to developmental differences; broad based plan guided by theory and research.
remedial
A neuropsychological subtype of _______ disabilities according to Geary includes difficulties with semantic retrieval of math facts; application of computational algorithms; visual-spatial understanding of number system.
math
_______ is a specific learning disability that is neurobiological in origin. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities. These difficulties typically result from a deficit in the phonological component of language that is often unexpected in relation to other cognitive abilities and the provision of effective classroom instruction. Secondary consequences may include problems in reading comprehension and reduced reading experience that can impede growth of vocabulary and background knowledge.
Dyslexia
When compared with reading disabilities, what type of disabilities is under-diagnosed and under-served?
written expression
The purpose of the _________ (assisted monitoring) is to help the student learn to monitor their work independently.
table tap
Bandura’s ________ Theory posits that people learn from one another, via observation, imitation, and modeling. The theory has often been called a bridge between behaviorist and cognitive learning theories because it encompasses attention, memory, and motivation.
Social Learning
The 1975 legislation that mandated the requirement of parental consent and notification of evaluation was P.L. 94-142, ________________.
Education for all Handicapped Children Act.
When conducting an ecological assessment, assessing the students classwork is NOT an essential component.
True or False
TRUE
A social skill training method used to enhance acquisition deficits for preschoolers is behavioral __________.
rehearsal
A School Psychologist must employ the use of effective communication skills during an interview with a student. What are some techniques that can be used during interview?
Active listening, paying attention to verbal cues and nonverbal cues, and self disclosing to strengthen a point, and Use of open‐ended and close‐ended questions to explore the presenting problem
During an interview, you should not YOU SHOULD NOT:
Use humor to dismiss feelings of inadequacy
Quality research does NOT : make a conclusion based on results that the study did not test, or conducts a correlation study and concludes that the manipulation of the independent variable is the cause of the change in the dependent variable
True or False
True
_________ developed an individually administered test battery intended to measure cognitive and achievement levels for classification and diagnostic purposes. The instrument is intended to provide the examiner with a wider range of measurement that allows a profile of the child’s strengths and weaknesses. This test is known as Differential Abilities Scale‐II (DAS‐II)
Collin D. Elliot
Best practice when looking to analyze __________ :Conducts a self‐analysis to determine things, such as managing transitions, relating class material to student interests, etc. The school psychologist observes the classroom to better understand the classroom environmental factors. The school psychologist conducts a Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) to determine the relationship between the students’ performance and the environmental factors of the instructional setting. Assistant observes and records the number of students and amount of time students are actively participating within the classroom
- Best practice when looking to analyze Academic Learning Time (ALT):Conducts a self‐analysis to determine things, such as managing transitions, relating class material to student interests, etc. The school psychologist observes the classroom to better understand the classroom environmental factors. The school psychologist conducts a Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) to determine the relationship between the students’ performance and the environmental factors of the instructional setting. Assistant observes and records the number of students and amount of time students are actively participating within the classroom
Three violence prevention methods a school psychologist can implement in his/her school district:
- Implementing programs that teach students better social skills,
- intervening with at‐risk students,
- involving students, staff and parents
_____ is best defined as: The extent to which an experiment rules out alternative explanation of the findings.
Internal validity
Structure is not a necessary component of informed consent – knowledge, violition, and competence are.
True or False
True
______ is the doctrine that postulates that experience is the only source of knowledge
Empiricism
The zone of __________ represents the amount of learning possible by a student given the proper instructional conditions
proximal development
_________, the brain chemical, is largely implicated in depression
Serotonin
The philosophical doctrine which postulates that the mind is composed of associations of ideas and that studying the complexities of the mind requires breaking associations into single ideas is known as _________.
rationalism
This is the tendency for oppositions to come together, and so for energy to decrease, over a person’s lifetime.
Principle of entropy.
The energy created from the opposition is “given” to both sides equally.
Principle of equivalence.
Every wish immediately suggests its opposite. If I have a good thought, for example, I cannot help but have in me somewhere the opposite bad thought.
Principle of opposites.
_________ is a defensive process in which emotions and impulses which are anxiety-producing or perceived to be unacceptable are mastered by exaggeration of the directly opposing tendency
Reaction formation
________ proposes that people act as much from accepted ideals as they do from observed reality
Fictional Finalism
The __________ model emphasizes the consultant helping the consultee or client see how his or her thoughts or feelings affect the situation.
mental health consultation
Without adequate training in self-monitoring strategies, students may fail to self-regulate their use of learning time. _______ techniques teach students to monitor their own learning. Flash cards, answer tapes, overlays, and checking stations are a few instructional tools that are effective in increasing self-checking behaviors in the classroom.
Self-correcting
A federal law that requires the schools to provide special education and related services to kids with disabilities who require them.
IDEA
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
A civil rights law that protects qualified individuals with disabilities.
ADA
Americans with Disabilities Act
A civil rights law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability.
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
