Study Guide 1 Review 2

Question 1

The KBIT-2 should not be substituted for a comprehensive measure of intellectual abilities.

True or false

Answer 1

True

Question 2

__________ was involved in the development of the fields of clinical psychology and school psychology. Specifically, he is known for starting the first child clinic and developing training for experts who work with children with special needs.

Answer 2

Lightner Witmer

Question 3

Best practices literature on culturally appropriate assessments for ELL students recommends using 1)_________ and 2)__________________ to minimize bias.

Answer 3

1) nonverbal assessments and

2) those that limit the use of verbally, linguistically, and culturally loaded tasks

Question 4

____________refers to practicing newly learned behaviors in the structured, protective situation of role-playing.

Answer 4

Behavioral rehearsal

Question 5

Behavioral rehearsal can take three forms: _____, _____, and ______.

Answer 5

covert, overt, and verbal.

Question 6

A school psychologist asks her students to mentally practice a behavior. This is an example of a __________ exercise.

Answer 6

covert-rehearsal

Question 7

The main goal of Croanbach’s correlational approach is to fit people to existing programs.

True or False

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

A major purpose of the Aptitude by Treatment Intervention (ATI) approach was to match groups for instruction.

True or False

Answer 8

FALSE

A major purpose of the Aptitude by Treatment Intervention (ATI) approach was to individualize instruction

Question 9

The traditional school psychology paradigm focuses on ________________,

Answer 9

children’s deficits

Question 10

One advantage of conducting special education research is that student’s can be randomly assigned to treatments.

True or False

Answer 10

FALSE

One problem with conducting special education research is that student’s canNOT be randomly assigned to treatments.

Question 11

Students with LD account for more than ______ of all special ed students

Answer 11

more than half

Question 12

Another term used for the ability-achievement discrepancy model is _______.

Answer 12

experimental

Question 13

Including students with disabilities in state testing was the result of a national movement towards __________.

Answer 13

accountability

Question 14

Under the traditional SP paradigm SPs spend the most time on ___________________.

Answer 14

assessing children with standardized tests

Question 15

The proposed new school psychology paradigm stresses ______________.

Answer 15

prevention

Question 16

When determining expectations for the individual, it is advantageous to compare the child to their previous expectation.

True or False

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

What four questions guide the problem-solving process?

Answer 17

1) Is there a problem and what is it?
2) Why is it happening? 3)What should be done about it?
4) Did the intervention work?

Question 18

The acronym RIOT is helpful in identifying assessment methods that could be used in assessing autism. What does RIOT stand for?

Answer 18

• R (review of reports)
• I (interview of caregivers)
• O (observations of the child)
• T (Testing of the child)

Question 19

IDEA requires _______ for students with disabilities when these students become the subject of school discipline proceedings.

Answer 19

FBA’s

Question 20

Students with chronic behavioral issues comprise __-__% of the school population

Answer 20

1-5

Question 21

When assessing problem behaviors with students with Autism it is recommended to use a_______ approach.

Answer 21

Functional

Question 22

Which of the following is critical when considering best practices in programming for students with Autism?

a) curricular activities that are developmentally appropriate
b) providing a structured environment
c) schedules and routines
d) all of the above

Answer 22

d) all of the above

Question 23

The PEP-R (psychoeducational profile revised) Assessments lack evidence of utility in educational decision making.

True or False

Answer 23

True

Despite its widespread use, the PEP-R (psychoeducational profile revised) Assessments lack evidence of utility in educational decision making.

Question 24

The _______ is an instrument that has been used to assess abilities and formulate treatment programs for children with autism and related developmental disorders. The instrument was not originally designed to determine a child’s general level of intellectual functioning, nor as a psychometric instrument. Its general purpose, in fact, is to describe the typically uneven and idiosyncratic learning profiles of children with autism or related developmental disorders and therefore, to assist rehabilitation personnel in developing personalized intervention strategies for an individual child.

Answer 24

PEP-R (psychoeducational profile revised)

Question 25

The diagnostic category of _____________ refers to a group of disorders characterized by delays in the development of socialization and communication skills. Parents may note symptoms as early as infancy, although the typical age of onset is before 3 years of age.

Answer 25

pervasive developmental disorders (PDD)

Question 26

What is the average length of time required to acquire Cognitive/Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) under the best classroom conditions? :

Answer 26

five to seven years

Question 27

Autism and other diagnoses on the Autism Spectrum are considered _____ incidence disabilities. High or low?

Answer 27

low

Question 28

What are the effects of large-scale testing of second language learners includes?

Answer 28

- overrepresentation of second language learners in sp ed programs - dire social and economic consequences for students that are misdiagnosed and placed in minimal curricular programs - second language learners dropping out of school because of low test results and being placed into SpEd.

Question 29

The best way for second language learners to learn to communicate in English is to first develop ____________ , then they develop more involved cognitive/academic language proficiency skills.

Answer 29

basic interpersonal communications skills (BICS)

Question 30

Spanish-speaking students make up _____ of all second language learners

Answer 30

75%

Question 31

_____% of the student body will be made up of second language learners in 2026.

Answer 31

25%

Question 32

LEP stands for

Answer 32

Limited English Proficiency

Question 33

Mishandling by caregivers is a common cause of ________ of infants

Answer 33

TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury)

Question 34

The educational definition of TBI excludes children who are affected by _______ (A build-up of fluid in the cavities deep within the brain) .

Answer 34

hydrocephaly

Question 35

For a TBI child, exhibiting a lack of initiating, the strategy suggested is to respond to the behavior the same way each time it occurs. True or False

Answer 35

True

Question 36

TBI Recovery is effected by: a. the extent of damage b. age c. site of injury d. all of the above

Answer 36

d. all of the above

Question 37

Post traumatic amnesia (PTA) is considered very severe when it lasts. True or False

Answer 37

True

Question 38

An ____________ instructor has special training in facilitating safe and independent travel for students who are visually impaired or blind.

Answer 38

orientation and mobility

Question 39

Functional ________ assessments can include information regarding appropriate illumination. a. color b. vision c. hearing d. all of the above

Answer 39

B. vision

Question 40

Retinal detachment can be caused by trauma to the head or ___________.

Answer 40

diabetes

Question 41

Most visual losses are__________ for school-age children.

Answer 41

hereditary

Question 42

Children who are hearing impaired typically have average ________ abilities and below average __________ achievement.

Answer 42

intellectual | academic

Question 43

Best practice approach for teacher instruction with children who are hearing impaired include pausing in presentation of materials; sequential presentation of materials; and monitoring _______. a. turn taking b. recess c. test taking d. social activities

Answer 43

a. turn taking

Question 44

An ideal seating arrangement in a classroom for a child who is hearing impaired is ________ shape

Answer 44

horseshoe

Question 45

Experts advise that early ___________ and early ____________ are critical in the experience of a child who is hearing impaired.

Answer 45

early childhood identification and intensive language intervention

Question 46

The majority of students who are hearing impaired have at least one hearing impaired parents. True or False

Answer 46

FALSE The majority of students who are hearing impaired have hearing parents.

Question 47

When one is working with an individual of the hearing impaired population, some variables to consider include the a. etiology of deafness b. the range and diversity of hearing loss type c. the degree of hearing loss. d. all of the above

Answer 47

d. all of the above

Question 48

PASSKey stand for:

Answer 48

Planned Activity, Strategic Sampling, and Keystone variable

Question 49

_______ refers to judgements by the caregiver regarding reasonableness: the appropriateness, fairness, intrusiveness, and normality of interventions

Answer 49

Acceptability

Question 50

One of the best-supported interventions for early literacy skills is _________.

Answer 50

reading to children

Question 51

______ variables are those that, if changed are likely to positively impact the largest set of other significant behaviors, perceptions, or problem environments to most efficiently provide long term resolution of problem

Answer 51

Keystone

Question 52

The end result of functional assessments using ________ procedures are collaboratively developed intervention scripts for resolving problem situations that are then tried out, refined, evaluated and ultimately faded.

Answer 52

PASSKey

Question 53

When guided by intervention design and a problem-solving model, those involved should emphasize the identification of problem situations not problem _______.

Answer 53

children

Question 54

The definition of a _______ intervention design: an intervention that identifies the lease intrusive, most robust intervention that will accomplish the goals of change within a natural setting.

Answer 54

naturalistic

Question 55

Barkley attributes all symptoms of ADHD to a single phenomenon - _________.

Answer 55

Behavioral disinhibition

Question 56

Teachers usually provide the best information regarding ______ in various academic settings.

Answer 56

behavior

Question 57

Limitations of Rating Scales include:

Answer 57

1. rating scales represent informant's impressions of that behavior 2. rater may not remember exact behavior 3. rater may be biased.

Question 58

ADHD is often comorbid with (name 3):

Answer 58

Conduct Disorder; achievement problems, social problems

Question 59

A _______ intervention program targets students who are already manifesting significant problems, interacting appropriately with others, or who have an established history of violent behavior

Answer 59

tertiary

Question 60

The goal of ______ prevention is Maintaining current functioning strengths, with hopes for significant improvement of self-restraint skills.

Answer 60

tertiary

Question 61

Prevention efforts at the ______ level primarily focus on behavioral self-control skills training in a group or individually.

Answer 61

secondary

Question 62

The best practice for dealing with bullying is a _______ approach that includes the bully, the victim, the school, the family, and the community.

Answer 62

systems-wide

Question 63

The goal of the _________ step of violence prevention and intervention planning is to build a prevention plan based on the knowledge acquired through the needs assessment process.

Answer 63

problem analysis

Question 64

Effective ________ programs are characterized by parent or family involvement; sensitivity to developmental differences; broad based plan guided by theory and research.

Answer 64

remedial

Question 65

A neuropsychological subtype of _______ disabilities according to Geary includes difficulties with semantic retrieval of math facts; application of computational algorithms; visual-spatial understanding of number system.

Answer 65

math

Question 66

_______ is a specific learning disability that is neurobiological in origin. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities. These difficulties typically result from a deficit in the phonological component of language that is often unexpected in relation to other cognitive abilities and the provision of effective classroom instruction. Secondary consequences may include problems in reading comprehension and reduced reading experience that can impede growth of vocabulary and background knowledge.

Answer 66

Dyslexia

Question 67

When compared with reading disabilities, what type of disabilities is under-diagnosed and under-served?

Answer 67

written expression

Question 68

The purpose of the _________ (assisted monitoring) is to help the student learn to monitor their work independently.

Answer 68

table tap

Question 69

Bandura's ________ Theory posits that people learn from one another, via observation, imitation, and modeling. The theory has often been called a bridge between behaviorist and cognitive learning theories because it encompasses attention, memory, and motivation.

Answer 69

Social Learning

Question 70

The 1975 legislation that mandated the requirement of parental consent and notification of evaluation was P.L. 94-142, ________________.

Answer 70

Education for all Handicapped Children Act.

Question 71

When conducting an ecological assessment, assessing the students classwork is NOT an essential component. True or False

Answer 71

TRUE

Question 72

A social skill training method used to enhance acquisition deficits for preschoolers is behavioral __________.

Answer 72

rehearsal

Question 73

A School Psychologist must employ the use of effective communication skills during an interview with a student. What are some techniques that can be used during interview?

Answer 73

Active listening, paying attention to verbal cues and nonverbal cues, and self disclosing to strengthen a point, and Use of open‐ended and close‐ended questions to explore the presenting problem

Question 74

During an interview, you should not YOU SHOULD NOT:

Answer 74

Use humor to dismiss feelings of inadequacy

Question 75

Quality research does NOT : make a conclusion based on results that the study did not test, or conducts a correlation study and concludes that the manipulation of the independent variable is the cause of the change in the dependent variable True or False

Answer 75

True

Question 76

_________ developed an individually administered test battery intended to measure cognitive and achievement levels for classification and diagnostic purposes. The instrument is intended to provide the examiner with a wider range of measurement that allows a profile of the child’s strengths and weaknesses. This test is known as Differential Abilities Scale‐II (DAS‐II)

Answer 76

Collin D. Elliot

Question 77

Best practice when looking to analyze __________ :Conducts a self‐analysis to determine things, such as managing transitions, relating class material to student interests, etc. The school psychologist observes the classroom to better understand the classroom environmental factors. The school psychologist conducts a Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) to determine the relationship between the students’ performance and the environmental factors of the instructional setting. Assistant observes and records the number of students and amount of time students are actively participating within the classroom

Answer 77

1. Best practice when looking to analyze Academic Learning Time (ALT):Conducts a self‐analysis to determine things, such as managing transitions, relating class material to student interests, etc. The school psychologist observes the classroom to better understand the classroom environmental factors. The school psychologist conducts a Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) to determine the relationship between the students’ performance and the environmental factors of the instructional setting. Assistant observes and records the number of students and amount of time students are actively participating within the classroom

Question 78

Three violence prevention methods a school psychologist can implement in his/her school district:

Answer 78

1. Implementing programs that teach students better social skills, 2. intervening with at‐risk students, 3. involving students, staff and parents

Question 79

_____ is best defined as: The extent to which an experiment rules out alternative explanation of the findings.

Answer 79

Internal validity

Question 80

Structure is not a necessary component of informed consent – knowledge, violition, and competence are. True or False

Answer 80

True

Question 81

______ is the doctrine that postulates that experience is the only source of knowledge

Answer 81

Empiricism

Question 82

The zone of __________ represents the amount of learning possible by a student given the proper instructional conditions

Answer 82

proximal development

Question 83

_________, the brain chemical, is largely implicated in depression

Answer 83

Serotonin

Question 84

The philosophical doctrine which postulates that the mind is composed of associations of ideas and that studying the complexities of the mind requires breaking associations into single ideas is known as _________.

Answer 84

rationalism

Question 85

This is the tendency for oppositions to come together, and so for energy to decrease, over a person's lifetime.

Answer 85

Principle of entropy.

Question 86

The energy created from the opposition is "given" to both sides equally.

Answer 86

Principle of equivalence.

Question 87

Every wish immediately suggests its opposite. If I have a good thought, for example, I cannot help but have in me somewhere the opposite bad thought.

Answer 87

Principle of opposites.

Question 88

_________ is a defensive process in which emotions and impulses which are anxiety-producing or perceived to be unacceptable are mastered by exaggeration of the directly opposing tendency

Answer 88

Reaction formation

Question 89

________ proposes that people act as much from accepted ideals as they do from observed reality

Answer 89

Fictional Finalism

Question 90

The __________ model emphasizes the consultant helping the consultee or client see how his or her thoughts or feelings affect the situation.

Answer 90

mental health consultation

Question 91

Without adequate training in self-monitoring strategies, students may fail to self-regulate their use of learning time. _______ techniques teach students to monitor their own learning. Flash cards, answer tapes, overlays, and checking stations are a few instructional tools that are effective in increasing self-checking behaviors in the classroom.

Answer 91

Self-correcting

Question 92

A federal law that requires the schools to provide special education and related services to kids with disabilities who require them.

Answer 92

IDEA | Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

Question 93

A civil rights law that protects qualified individuals with disabilities.

Answer 93

ADA | Americans with Disabilities Act

Question 94

A civil rights law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability.

Answer 94

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act