definitions and famous dudes Flashcards
What is Caplan’s model of consultation? it’s goal?
Mental health consultation model.
Goal: improve handling of current work difficulty, increase capacity to master future problems improve job performance
“responses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation, and responses that produce a discomforting effect become less likely to occur again in that situation.”
The Law of Effect
The law of effect is a psychological principle advanced by ______ on the matter of behavioral conditioning.
Edward Thorndike
The tendency for the first information received to carry more effect than later information on a person’s overall impression.
Primacy effect
A phenomenon in which individuals take less responsibility for work when in the presence of others.
social loafing
Zero order correlation means that _____
there is no relationship between the two variables
a measure of how well a given variable can be predicted using a linear function of a set of other variables
coefficient of multiple correlation
list 5 things about Arnold Gesell
- pediatrician, then psychologist who studied many children, including the Kamala the “wolf girl” (who was probably autistic)
- helped develop the field of child development
- created the Gesell Developmental Schedules, which were normed assessments in the areas of motor, language, adaptive, and personal-social development
- developed the Clinic of Child Development at Yale
- invented the Gesell dome, a one-way mirror shaped as a dome, under which children could be observed without being disturbed
List 4 common medications used to treat ADHD. How do they work?
Ritalin, Adderall, Concerta, and Dexedrine. They work by increasing dopamine in the brain.
How do parents’ roles in schooling differ as children grow older?
Parents become more of an audience in middle and high school, whereas in elementary they are partners, collaborators, and problem solvers.
graphemes = \_\_\_\_\_\_ and phonemes = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
graphemes = the letters, and phonemes = the sounds that letters make.
When students are introduced to letter sounds, they should be given multiple opportunities to use the sounds in sentences. Explicit phonics instruction involves teaching graphemes (the letters) and phonemes (sounds that letters make), then blending and building, beginning with blending sounds into syllables then into words.
This describes which approach?
code-based phonic approach
What are 3 difficulties with assessing young children?
- Following structured assessment protocols
- Having children stay focused for long periods of time
- Evaluating children who are unfamiliar with the school psychologist
Name one easy part of assessing young children?
establishing appropriate behavioral objectives, because these are well-known from a developmental perspective
What is the role of parental consent in consultation?
School psychologist is not ethically obligated to get parental consent, as long as parents are informed about the consultation after it is complete.
Who developed the Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)? Describe this model.
Albert Ellis
MODEL OF EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE:
A (activating event, adversity) leads to
B (beliefs that are irrational) leads to
C (consequences - behavioral and emotional) leads to
D (disputes/arguments against irrational beliefs) leads to
E (effective emotions and beliefs from rational beliefs)
Core irrational beliefs:
- Demandingness or Absolutism - inflexible, dogmatic, extreme beliefs signaled by words such as should, must, have to, and need to (e.g., “I should not be in pain” or “I should be able to do what I used to do”). This is not the kind of should as in “I should go to the store and get some milk,” but rather a should with a capital “S”, a demand.
- Demand for Love and Approval from nearly everyone one finds important
- Demand for Success or Achievement in things one finds important
- Demand for Comfort or nearly no frustration or discomfort.
- Awfulization - 100% disasterizing beliefs - e.g. disaster, horrible or awful, and catastrophe.
- Low Frustration Tolerance - e.g. intolerable, can’t stand it, and too hard.
- Global-Rating - beliefs in which you condemn entire self or someone else’s basic value - e.g. loser, worthless, useless, idiot, stupid.
The presence of an extra copy of the twenty-first chromosome is most often associated with…
Down syndrome
Name 4 physical traits of Down Syndrome.
- low muscle tone,
- a single deep crease across the palm of the hand,
- a slightly flattened facial profile and
- an upward slant to the eyes.
What is the John Henry effect
The tendency for people based in a control group to perceive themselves at a disadvantage to the experimental group and work harder in order to overcome the perceived deficiency. (History of the name: legendary American steel driver in the 1870s who, when he heard his output was being compared with that of a steam drill, worked so hard to outperform the machine he died in the process.)
What is the Halo Effect?
when someone’s overall impression of a person, company, brand, or product influences their feelings and thoughts about that entity’s character or properties.
What is Confirmation Bias?
the tendency to search for, interpret, or recall information in a way that confirms one’s beliefs or hypotheses.
What is Sampling Bias?
a bias in which a sample is collected in such a way that some members of the intended population are less likely to be included than others.
