STUDY 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Systems Development Life Cycle
A
First phase: Planning Second phase: Analysis Third phase: Design Fourth phase: Implementation Fifth phase: Maintenance
2
Q
Used to develop, maintain, and replace info systems
A
SDLC
3
Q
Common method for systems development
A
SDLC
4
Q
It is an application of the systems approach to the development of an information system
A
SDLC
5
Q
Traditional methodology of SDLC contains phases:
A
Planning Analysis Design Implementation Maintenance Use
6
Q
Identification phase
A
Planning
7
Q
Needs are examined as a whole
A
Planning
8
Q
Studies current procedures and Info Systems
A
Analysis
9
Q
Sub phase-Requirement determination
A
Analysis
10
Q
Convert alternative solutions
A
Design
11
Q
Inputs and Outputs (Reports, databases, computer processes)
A
Design
12
Q
System and Written specs turned over to programmers
A
Implementation
13
Q
Implementation process
A
Coding
Testing
Installation
14
Q
Systems are in operation
A
Manintenance
15
Q
Specific problems or changes are made
A
Maintenance
16
Q
It is a TPS used by distribution firms
A
Distribution system
17
Q
They distribute products or services to their customers
A
Distribution firms
18
Q
They are developed to meet the needs for information relating to those particular parts of the organization
A
Organizational Information system
19
Q
MKIS
A
Marketing Information System
20
Q
It provides information that relates to the firm’s marketing activities
A
MKIS
21
Q
Consists of a combination of input and output subsystems connected by a database
A
MKIS
22
Q
Marketing Information System
A
Product subsystem Place subsystem Promotion subsystem Price subsystem Integrated-mix subsystem
23
Q
Provide information about critical elements in marketing mix
A
Output subsystems
24
Q
It consists of four main ingredients that management manages in order to meet customers’ needs at a profit
A
Marketing Mix
25
Provides information about the firm's products
Product subsystem
26
Provides information about the firm's distribution network
Place subsystem
27
Provides information about the firm's advertising and personal selling activities
Promotion subsystem
28
It helps the manager make pricing decisions
Price subsystem
29
Enables the manager to develop strategies that consider the combined effects of the ingredients
Integrated-mix subsystem
30
It is populated with data from the three MKIS input subsystem
Database
31
Input subsystems
Transaction processing system
Marketing research subsystem
Marketing intelligence subsystem
32
It gathers data from both internal and environmental sources and enters the data into the database
Transaction processing system
33
It gathers internal and environmental data by conducting special studies
Marketing research subsystem
34
It gathers environmental data that serves to keep management informed of activities of the firm's competitors and customers and other elements that can influence marketing operations
Marketing intelligence subsystem
35
Other Organizational Information System
HRIS
Manufacturing Information System
Financial Information System
36
It provides information to managers throughout the firm concerning the firm's human resources
HRIS
37
HRIS
Human Resources Information System
38
It provides information to managers throughout the firm concerning the firm's manufacturing operations
Manufacturing Information System
39
It provides information to managers throughout the firm concern the firm's financial activities
Financial information system
40
It is a system that provides information to upper-level managers on the overall performance of the firm; also called ESS
EIS
41
EIS
Executive Information System
42
ESS
Executive support system
43
It allows for executives to bring up a summary display and then successively display lower levels of detail until executives are satisfied that they have obtained as much detail as is necessary
Drill-down capbility
44
It is the management of the relationships between the firm and its customers so that both the firm and its customers receive maximum value from the relationship
CRM
45
CRM
Customer relationship management
46
It accumulates customer data over a long term (_,_ or more) and user that data to produce information for users
CRM
| 5-10 years
47
Uses a data warehouse
CRM
48
Describes data strorage
Data warehouse
49
Data Warehouse characteristics
Storage capacity is very large
Data are accumulated
Data are easily retrievable
Data are used solely for decision making,
50
It is a database that contains data describing only a segment of the firm's operations
Data mart
51
It is the creation and use of a data warehouse or data mart
Data warehousing
52
They are TPS and data obtained from other sources, both internal and environmental; any data identified as having potential value in decision making
Primary data sources
53
It is where the data undergoes ETL
Staging area
54
ETL
extraction, transformation and loading
55
SDLC
Systems Development Life Cycle
56
It enables the user to communicate with the data warehouse either through a GUI or a Web interface and quickly produce information in a variety of forms, including graphics
OLAP
57
OLAP
On-line analytical processing
58
Uses a standard relational database management system
ROLAP
59
ROLAP
Relational OLAP
60
They data exists in detailed form
ROLAP
61
Analyses must be performed to produce summaries
ROLAP
62
Constrained to a limited number of dimensions
ROLAP
63
Uses a special multidimensional databases management system
MOLAP
64
They are preprocessed to produced summaries at the various levels of detail and arranged by the various dimensions
MOLAP
65
Faster summary ability, can use many dimensions-10 or more
MOLAP
66
It is the process of finding relationships in data that are unknown to the user
Data miningg
67
Begins with the user's hypothesis of how data are related
Hypothesis
68
They are guided entirely by user
Retrieval process
69
It can be no better than user's understanding of the data
Selected information
70
Traditional way to query a database
Hypothesis verification
71
It is when data warehousing system analyzes the warehouse data repository, looking for groups with common characteristics
Knowledge discovery
72
This diagram shows that it involves all five components of an information system. In addition to technical knowledge, it requires business knowledge and management skill.
```
Hardware
Software
Data
Procedures
People
```
73
"It is the process of defining, designing, testing, and implementing a new software application or program”
Systems Development
74
These are four system development processes that help make projects more likely to succeed.
❝ Systems development life cycle(SDLC)
❝ Rapid application development(RAD)
❝ Object-oriented systems development(OOD)
❝ Extreme programming (XP)
75
SDLC
```
System Definition
Requirement Analysis
Component Design
Implementation
System Maintenance
```
76
Steps in System Definition
# Define the system’s goals and scope.
Assess the feasibility of the project using four criteria: cost, schedule, technical, and organizational.
Form a project team that includes systems analysts and users.
Prepare a project plan.
77
The most important phase in the SDLC process is to determine _.
system requirements
78
—Determine the specifications and evaluate alternatives against the
requirements.
Hardware
79
Decide whether to use off-the-shelf software, off-the-shelf with alterations, or custom-developed software.
Programs
80
—Convert the data model to a database design.
Database
81
—Design procedures for users, operations personnel, and for normal, backup, and failure recovery tasks.
Procedures
82
—Design job descriptions for users and operations personnel. You may have to add new jobs or alter existing jobs
People
83
Focuses on implementing the system and includes the tasks of:
Building each of the five system components
Testing the system and
Converting users to the new system.
84
It begins by creating a test plan that spells out what actions users will take when using the new system. It includes testing normal actions and incorrect actions. Every line of program code should be executed to test error messages.
System testing
85
_personnel can construct a test plan with user advice and assistance. They can perform some of the testing and supervise users as they test the system.
Product quality assurance (PQA)
86
_ must be part of the test team and help develop test plans and test cases. Users must have the final say.
Users
87
_allows future system users to try the new system on their own in the last stage of testing.
Beta testing
88
4 methods to convert to a new system
1. Pilot —Implement the entire system on a limited portion of the business.
• Failures are contained within a limited boundary.
• It reduces the exposure of the business.
• It protects the new system from developing a negative reputation.
2. Phased —Install it in phases across the organization.
* Only a portion of the system is installed at a time.
* Once it works, another portion is installed.
* Tightly integrated systems cannot use this method.
3. Parallel —The new system runs in parallel with the old system until the new one is tested and fully operational.
* It’s very expensive to use this method because you must operate two systems at the same time.
* Users’ work doubles because they must use both systems for all their tasks.
* Considerable work is required to determine if the results of both systems match each other.
4. Plunge (direct) —The old system is shut off one day and the new system is turned on the next day.
• If the new system fails, the organization is in trouble.
• This is an extremely risky conversion method because you’re putting
a lot of faith in the new system working correctly the first time.
• Organizations should avoid using this meth
Pilot
Phased
Parallel
Plunge
