STUDY 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Large computers used for centralized information system
A
Mainframes
2
Q
Computers used by one person
A
Microcomputers or PCs
3
Q
Where data processing is performed
A
Processor or CPU
4
Q
Measured by the number of cycles that occur per second
A
Processor Speed
5
Q
Processors
A
MHz
Word
Word Size
Power
6
Q
MHz stands for
A
millions of cycles per second
7
Q
Hardwares and Processors
A
Mainframes
Microcomputers or PCs
Processors (CPUs)
Processor Speed
8
Q
Is the measure of how many bits can be moved with one cycle of the processor
A
Word
9
Q
Is how many characters, “A”, can be moved in a single cycle of the processor
A
Word Size
10
Q
It is affected by both word size and processor speed
A
Power
11
Q
Memory and Stage
A
Memory (Primary storage or RAM)
Fixed storage
Removable storage
12
Q
It is the storage area on the computer’s circuit board
A
Memory (Primary storage or RAM)
13
Q
Memory
A
Volatile
Extremely fast
14
Q
RAM
A
random access-memory
15
Q
It is permanently installed in the computer
A
Fixed storage
16
Q
Removable storage
A
Media-tape Disk CD DVD USB flash drive
17
Q
Input devices
A
Human-captured data
Machine-captured data
Point-of-sale terminals
18
Q
Refers to input captured by a person typing on a keyboard, clicking a mouse, speaking into a microphone, or a similar interaction
A
Human-captured data
19
Q
Data captured by an electronic or mechanical device
A
Machine-captured data
20
Q
Scanners used in retail stores
A
Point-of-sale terminals
21
Q
Output Device
A
Monitor
Printers
Multimedia
22
Q
Screen resolution (Monitor)
A
size 17-19’ diagonals
23
Q
GUI
A
Graphic User Interface
24
Q
Are like copier machines
A
Lasers
25
Spray ink
Ink-jets
26
It is the use of more than one medium at a time
Multimedia
27
Personal computing Devices
Cellphones with interactive messaging and video
Smart cell phones
GSM
28
Phones that perform tasks associated with PCs, i.e., Blackberry 7270, Treo 650
Smart cell phones
29
GSM
Global Systems for Mobile Communications
30
Digital cellular phone protocol
GSM
31
Software
System Software (OS)
Application Software
Prewritten Application Software
32
Performs certain tasks that all computers require
OS
33
OS
System Software
34
OS
Hardware interfaces, device drivers
Manage computer's processes
OS-Windows XP, Unix, Mac OS X, Linux
35
Processes the user's data
Application Software
36
It is produced by suppliers and sold to users
Prewritten application software
37
Application Software
Custom application software
User-written software in End-User Computing
User-friendly software
38
It is created by the user, such as Excel Macros, Access Wizards
User-written software in End-User Computing
39
It is computer software that is simple and intuitive to use
User-friendly software
40
It is the specification for formatting data to be transferred between communications equipment
Protocol
41
Public Connection
Telephone modems
ISDN
DSL
42
Communications
```
Protocol
Public Communications
Packet
Cable modems
ATM
```
43
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network
44
DSL
Digital Subscriber Line
45
ATM
Asynchronous transfer mode
46
Piece of the total data to be communicated, includes sender and receiver addresses
Packet
47
Connect to the Internet via coaxial cable
Cable modems
48
Improve data transmission rates
| Provides increased speed
ATM
49
It is a connection that is always connected
Circuit
50
It is a circuit that is always open to your communication traffic
Private line
51
_ line over 1.5 Mbps; _ at 43 Mbps
T-1
| T-3
52
It is when the line is broken into separate lanes of communication
Multiplexed
53
VPN
Virtual Private Networks
54
Allow you to use the security and speed of a private line but still use the low-cost Internet
VPNs
55
Establishes the set of intermediary locations of the telephone equipment that will host a given data communications transfer
Tunneling software
56
It is attained because the tunnel is not established unless the sending and receiving computers authenticate one another
Privacy
57
Communication networks
```
OSI
Terminal
SNA
Token ring
Ethernet
Data transmission crash
Data packet
TCP/IP
IP address
NIC
LANs
MAN
WANs
```
58
OSI
Open Systems Interconnection
59
Standard architecture for network connections established by the ISO
OSI
60
It is a device that has no storage or processor; it allows for entering and displaying data for the computer
Terminal
61
SNA
Systems Network Architecture
62
It is a protocol for large computers; it polls other computers connected by the network for transfers
SNA
63
Peer-to-peer protocol that allows each computer to act as its own controller
Token ring
64
It is an open protocol for peer-to-peer communication endorsed by __
Ethernet
| IEEE
65
It is when two peer computers try to send data at the same time
Data transmission crash
66
Piece of the total data to be communicated, combined with the address of the destination computer, the sending computer, and other control information
Data packet
67
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
68
IP
Internet Protocol
69
It conducts communication over the network
TCP
70
It handles the packets so they can be routed
IP
71
It is a four-part set of numbers (each from 0-255) separated by periods
IP address
72
NIC
Network Interface card
73
It is used to attach a device to the communications medium
NIC
74
LANs
Local Area Networks
75
It is a group of computers and other devices that are connected together by a communications medium
LANs
76
Medium used by LANs can be
Copper
Wireless
Fiber-optics
77
LANs join computers that are physically together
same room or building
Total distance is less than 1/2 mile
60 ft between devices
78
MAN
Metropolitan Area Network
79
It is a network that has a physical distance limit of roughly 30 miles
MAN
80
WANs
Wide area networks
81
They are used to connect computers and other devices when the distance exceeds the constraints of LANs and MANs
WANs
82
Uses common carrier, public telephone system
WANs
83
They have been replaced by the Internet
WANs
84
It is just a collection of networks that can be joined together; Public
Internet
85
It uses the same network protocols as the Internet but limits accessibility to computer resources to a select group of persons in the organization
Intranet
86
It is when the Intranets expanded to include users beyond the firm; Trusted customers and business partners
Extranet
87
They are now incorporating features of the other into themselves
Computing devices and communications devices
88
VoIP
Voice over Internet Protocol
89
It is the routing of voice communications over the Internet as if they were digital communications
VoIP
90
free software
www.skype.com
91
The Data Hierarchy
Data field
Record
File
Database
92
It is the smallest unit of data
Data field
93
It is a collection of related data fields
Record
94
It is a collection of related networks
File
95
It is a collection of related files
Database
96
Table of rows and columns that can be represented in a spreadheet
Database
97
It is conceptually similar to a collection of related tables
Relational database structure
98
It is a table that does no have repeating columns; 1st normal
Flat file
99
It is a formal process for eliminating redundant data fields while preserving the ability of the database to add, delete, and modify records without causing errors
Normalization
100
In a table is a field (or combination of fields) that contain a value that uniquely identifies each record in the table
Key
101
It is a field that uniquely identifies each table row but is not the chosen key
Candidate key
102
Relating tables is done through __ and the __ determines which rows in the tables are logically joined
Sharing a common field
| Value of the field
103
DBMS
Database management system
104
It is a software application that stores the structure of the database, the data itself, relationships among data in the database, and forms and reports pertaining to the database
DBMS
105
Self-describing set of related data
DBMS
106
It is the logical integration of records across multiple physical location
Database concept
107
Database
```
Database
Relational database structure
Flat file
Normalization
Key
Candidate key
```
108
Database Structures
DBMS
109
Database concept
Database concept
Data independence
Data dictionary
110
It is the ability to make changes in the data structure without making changes to the application programs that access the data
Data independence
111
It includes the definition of the data stored within the database and controlled by the database management system
Data dictionary
112
It is a key step in creating a database
Determine data that needs to be collected and stored
113
Process-oriented approach/Problem-oriented approach
```
Define the problem
Identify necessary decisions
Describe information needs
Determine the necessary processing
Specify data needs
```
114
Determine Data Needs
Enterprise modelling approach
115
It takes a broad view of the firm's data resources; all areas are considered, and synergy of data resources between business areas can be leveraged
Enterprise modeling approach
116
Result of Enterprise modeling approach
Enterprise data model
117
Data modeling techniques
ERDs
Entity
Relationships
Class diagram
118
ERDs
Entity-relationship diagrams
119
It is a graphical representation of data in entities and the relationships between entities
ERDs
120
It is a conceptual collection of related data fields
Entity
121
It is defined between entities
Relationship
122
One-to-one
1:1
123
One-to-many
1:M
124
Many-to-many
M:N
125
Using the Database
Forms
Reports
QBE
126
It show one record at a time can be used to add, delete, or modify database records
Forms
127
Forms
```
Navigation
Accuracy
Consistency
Filtering
Subforms
```
128
It is an aggregated data from the database that are formatted in a manner that aids decision making
Reports
129
It is a request for the database to display selected records
Queries
130
QBE
Query-by-example
131
It presents a standardized form that the user completes so the system can generate a true query
QBE
132
Database Personnel
DBA
Database programmer
End User
133
DBA
Database Administrator
134
It is an expert in developing, providing, and securing databases
DBA
135
Duties of DBA
Database planning
Database implementation
Database operation
Database security
136
Writes code to strip and/or aggregate data from the database
High level of specialization and selection
Database programmer
137
It generates reports and forms, post queries to the database, and use results from their database inquiries to make decisions that affect the firm and its environmental constituents
End user
138
DBMS Advantages
Reduce data redudancy
Achieve data independence
Retrieve data and information rapidly
139
DBMS Disadvantages
Obtain expensive software
Obtain a large hardware configuration
Hire and maintain a DBA staff
140
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
141
General definition: collection of all firm's computer-based data.
–Restrictive definition: collection of data under of the control database management software.
Database
142
It includes field names, data types, number of decimal places, number of characters, default values and all other field descriptions.
Data field description
143
first database management system; was developed by GE in 1964.
Integrated Data Store
144
formed by data groups, subgroups, and further subgroups; worked well with the transaction processing systems; utilize computer resources efficiently.
Hierarchical structure
145
developed to allow retrieval of specific records.
•Network Database Structure -
146
- the existence of data that is additional to the actual data and permits correction of errors in stored or transmitted data.
Data redundancy
147
The closeness of results of observations to the true values or values accepted as being true.
Data accuracy
148
Two primary goals of the database concept:
–to minimize data redundancy
| –to achieve data independence.
149
It wastes storage space, slows record processing, and invites data inconsistency.
Data redundancy
150
It takes advantage of a broad view of the firm's resource.
| •Its weakness is the difficulty of linking the data of one business problem to that of another.
Enterprise Modeling Approach
151
description of all of the firm's data when engaged in enterprise data modeling
Enterprise Data Model
152
It is used to describe both the data relationships and the actions that operate on the data
Class diagrams
153
- technique where both the data used in an application and the actions associated with the data can be graphically represented; one of the several object-oriented design models.
Class diagrams
154
- conceptual chunks of an information system.
Objects
155
Class diagrams consist of _ class, _ in the class, and _ that act upon the class.
Named
fields
Actions
156
- code that relational database management systems use to perform their database tasks.
Structured Query Language (SQL)
157
SQL as an important topic for 2 reasons:
–more databases have become more accessible.
| –does not require overwhelming technical skills.
158
- enables the user to communicate with the data warehouse.
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)
159
- refer to the family of concepts that view the firm's data as a treasure box to be opened, examined and conquered.
Data mining, data warehousing and data marts
160
- attempts to answer questions by analyzing data usage and data commonality among different tables.
Knowledge discovery
161
- component of the DBMS maintains information that identifies what is being used, who is using it, when it is being used and so forth.
Performance statistics processor
162
- notes every database action taken as well as the exact time the action was taken.
Transaction log
163
- copy of the database for in case of emergencies.
Backup
