Exam Flashcards
1
Q
Includes personnel, material, machines and money
A
Physical resource flow
2
Q
Includes data, information, and information in the form of decisions
A
Virtual resource flow
3
Q
Firm’s control mechanism include
A
Performance standards to meet of the firm wants to achieve overall objectives
Firm’s management
Information processor that transform data into information
4
Q
Composed of the virtual resource
A
Feedback loop
5
Q
Organizations and individuals that exist outside the firm and have a direct or indirect influence on it
A
Environmental elements
6
Q
Organizations and individuals that exist outside the firm and have a direct or indirect influence on it
A
Global community
7
Q
Eight environmental elements
A
Government Global community Customers Competitors Stockholders or owners Labor unions Suppliers Financial community
8
Q
Information flows from customers
A
Often
9
Q
Material flow to customers
A
Often
10
Q
Money flow to stockholders
A
Often
11
Q
Raw materials flow from suppliers
A
Often
12
Q
Money flow from government
A
Less often
13
Q
Material flow to suppliers
A
Less often
14
Q
Personnel flow to competitors
A
Less often
15
Q
Pathway that facilitates the flow of physical resources from suppliers to the firm then to the customers
A
Supply chain
16
Q
Manages the resources through supply chain to ensure timely and efficient flow
A
Supply chain management
17
Q
Supply chain management activities
A
Scheduling production Ordering replenishment stock from suppliers Managing inventory Forecasting customer demand Establishing transportation networks Receiving stock from suppliers Executing production Transporting resources to customers Tracking the flow pf resources from suppliers, through the fir, and to customers
18
Q
Can be used to perform the supply chain activities
A
Firm’s information systems
19
Q
Provide the ability to frack the flow of the resources as it occurs
A
Electronic systems
20
Q
Is a crucial aspect of a firm’s ERP system
A
Supply chain management
21
Q
Refers to the use of information to gain leverage in the marketplace
A
Competitive advantage
22
Q
Uses virtual as well as physical resources
A
Competitive advantage
23
Q
Is used to meet the strategic objectives of the firm
A
Competitive advantage
24
Q
Created to achieve competitive advantage
A
Value chain
25
Creator of Value Chain
Michael E. Porter
26
Consists of the primary and support activities that contribute to margin
Value chain
27
Value of the firm's products and services minus their costs as perceived by the firm's customers
Margin
28
Objective of the value chain
Increased marging
29
Porter's Value activities
Primary value activities
| Support value activities
30
Manage the flow of physical resources through the firm
Primary value actvities
31
Include the firm's infrastructure
Support value activities
32
Each value activity includes
Purchased inputs
| Human resources and technology
33
Expanding the scope of the value chain
Inter-organizational Information system
Business partners
Value system
34
Is the linking of the firm's value chain to those of other organizations
IOS
35
Participating firms in the IOS
Business partners
36
Linking of the firm's value chain with those of its distribution channel members
Value system
37
Dimensions of Competitive Advantage
Strategic advantage
Tactical advantage
Operational advantage
38
Has a fundamental effect in shaping the firm's operations
Strategic advantage
39
When the firm implements a strategy better than its competitors
Tactical advantage
40
Deals with everyday transactions and processes
Operational advantage
41
Firm that operates across products, markets, nations and cultures
Multinational corporation (MNC)
42
It consists of a parent company and its subsidiaries
Multinational corporation
43
It is crucial to minimize uncertainty
Information processing
44
It is key to achieving competitive advantage globally
Coordination
45
Advantages of coordination include:
Flexibility in responding
Ability to respond market by market
Reduce overall costs of operation
Ability to keep abreast of market needs globally
46
Describes an information system that consists of networks that cross national boundaries
GIS
47
Challenges of GIS
Politically imposed constraints
| Cultural and communications barriers
48
Consist of hardware, software, information specialists, users, facilities, databases, and information
Information resources
49
KM
Knowledge management
50
Acquiring data, processing data, into information, using and communicating information in the most effective way, and discarding information at the proper time
KM
51
Dimensions of Information
Relevancy
Accuracy
Timeliness
Completeness
52
Pertains to the problem at hand
Relevancy
53
Strive for 100%
Accuracy
54
Should be available for decision making before a crisis situations develop or opportunities are lost
Timeliness
55
Correct amount of aggregation and supports all areas of the decision being made
Completeness
56
Having too much information
Information overload
57
Earlier systems software and hardware that are incompatible with current information technology
Legacy information systems
58
Produce primarily historical information
Legacy information systems
59
Data may not be available in digital format
Legacy information systems
60
CIO
Chief Information Officer
61
CTO
Chief Technology Officer
62
Strategic planning
Enterprise
| Business Areas
63
Executive committee
Enterprise
64
Resources for human, information, financial, marketing, and manufacturing
Business areas
65
Reflects Future demands for systems support
IS plan
66
Refers to a business transaction that uses network access, computer-based systems and a Web browser interface
Electronic Commerce (E-commerce)
67
Refers to transactions between a business and the final consumer of the product
Business-to-consumer (B2C)
68
Refers to transactions between business in which neither one is the final consumer
Business to business (B2B)
69
Refers to transactions between a government agency and typically a citizen
Electronic government (E-gov)
70
Main benefits to firms:
Improved customer service before, during, and after the sale
Improved relationships with suppliers and the financial community
Increased economic return on stockholders and owner investments
71
Main constraints to firms
High costs
Security concerns
Immature or unavailable software
72
Source of E-Commerce
Www. Census.gov
| Link to E-stats web page
73
BI
Business Intelligence
74
Activity of gathering information about the elements in the environment that interacts with the firm
BI
75
General systems model of the firm
Physical resource flow
| Virtual resource flow
76
Commercial databases that usually for a fee, provided information and analyses on virtually any subject
External databases
77
Firms use these databases to gather BI because it is faster and less expensive than trying to research a wide array of information sources
External databses
78
Offer a wide range of topics for researchers in many fields
Government databases
79
Special computer program that asks a user for a word or group of words to be found
Search engine
80
Strategy in which a firm is linked with transmissions of electric data with other firms so that all of the firms work together as a coordinated unit, achieving benefits that each could not achieve alone
IOS
81
Participating IOS FIRMS
Trading partners
Business parners
Business alliance
82
Fundamental to IOSs
E-commerce
83
EDI
Electronica data Interchange
84
Means for achieving an IOS, a subset
EDI
85
Another alternative
Extranets
86
IOS benefits
Comparative efficiency
Internal efficiency
Inter-organizational efficiency
87
Obtained by the IOS because the trading partners can produce their goods and services with greater efficiency and provide their goods and services at lower costs to their customers
Computer Efficiency
88
Price advantage over competitors.
Comparative efficiency
89
Gather and analyze data quickly
| Make decisions faster
Internal efficiency
90
Within the firm's own operations
Internal efficiency
91
Gained by working with other firms
Inter-organizational efficiency
92
Offer more products and services
Serve more customers
Shift certain work to suppliers or customers
Gather environmental data more easily
Inter-organizational efficiency
93
Ability of a firm to receive disagreements with its suppliers and customers to its own advantage
Bargaining power
94
Consists of direct computer-computer transmissions of data in a machine-readable structured format
EDI
95
Older technology but majority of B2B commerce use
EDI
96
Enables data to be transmitted without rekeying
EDI
97
Enable the sharing of sensitive computer- based information with other firms using information technology over the internet.
Extranet
98
Used in collaboration with trusted suppliers and large customers
Extranet
99
Security and privacy are serious concerns so extranets are generally secured behind a firewall and use encyption such as PGP
Extranet
100
PGP
Pretty Good Privacy
101
Direct benefits
Reduced data entry errors
Lower costs
Increased operational efficiency
102
Indirect benefits
Increased ability to complete
Improved relationships with trading partners
Better customer service
103
Important to understand B2C strategies
More products and services available for digital delivery
More customers overcoming reluctance to purchase using WEB
Higher communication speed in Home
Fear information theft replaced by acceptance
104
Digital products
Entertainment
Computer programs and updates
Services
105
Songs, albums, movies
Entertainment
106
Virus protection software. Tax software
Computer programs and updates
107
Incur a substantial cost of the transaction in terms of computer cost, online connection fees, storage media and so on
Purchases
108
Physical products
Items must be transported to the consumer
Shipment has to be arranged
Traditional methods are slow
Faster delivery time options are costly
Mail shipping companies allow more informations and control over delivery
109
Those made by a firm that does not operate a physical storefront
Virtual sales
110
Occur when firms have both a physical storefront and a Web site where customers can purchase products
Hybrid sales
111
Virtual vs Hybrid sales
Customers can't enter and purchase the product
| Brick and click operations
112
Use of cellphone and PDA to engage in wireless e-commerce
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Mobile commerce (m-commerce)
Personal digital assistants
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113
Data capable wireless technologies
Third generation (3G) Telecommunications
114
Created using a wired connection (for high communications speed) and then broadcast via a wireless access point to an area approx 100 m
Wireless Internet Hot spots
115
Provide fast wireless communication everywhere over the same communication carrier as cell phones
Business-class wireless computing
116
The origin of the internet can be traced in _ when the US government established a network called _
1969
| ARPANET
117
Efforts began in __ when _ came up with am idea for physicists to communicate
WWW (World Wide Web)
1989
Tim-Berners Lee
118
Electronic documents that are linked together
Hypertext
119
They would be able to click on words or phrases displayed on their computer screens and retrieve hypertext
Physicists
120
Became a reality in __
Hypertext
| 1992
121
Transmission of multimedia consisting of text, graphics, audio and video over the WWW
Hypermedia
122
Information accessible via the Internet whereby hypermedia documents (computer files) are stored and the. Retrieved by means of a unique addressing scheme
WWW (Web)
123
Collection of Web pages
Web site
124
Pointer (text or a graphic) used to access hypertext store at a Website
Hypertext link
125
Hypermedia file stored at a unique Web site address
Web page
126
First page of a Web site
Home page
127
Software designed to find and read files on the Internet written in HTTP
Browser
| Hypertext Markup Language
128
Unique address of a Web page
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
129
Set of standards that given communication of data (HTTP, FTP, URL)
Protocol
130
Address of the website where a Web page is stored
Domain name
131
Certain directory/subdirectory and file at the Web Site
Path
132
Users can copy files onto their computers from any Web site
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
133
Global communications network that connects millions of computers
Internet
134
Provides the network architecture
Internet
135
Collection of computers acting as content servers that host documents formatted to enable viewing of text, graphics, and audio as well as allowing linkages to other documents on the Web
Web
136
Provides the method for storing and retrieving its documents
Web
137
Society that had become a slave to technology
Cyberspace
138
Describes a positive force that gives everyone access to the wealth of information that exists in modern society
Information Superhighway
139
Promotes commercial Internet use
Internet Society (1992)
140
Responsible for Internet Standards
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
141
Responsible for Web standards
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)
142
Suggestions for successful Internet Use
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Make sure your Web site is robyst
Make sure your browser and database structure are bothe flexible and intuitive
Emphasize content
Update often
Look beyond customers
Target content to specific users' needs
Make the interface intuitive
Be in the right Web location
Create a sense of community
Got help if you need it
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