Studies in Abnormality 1.

Question 1

“Value judgements are relative to individual cultural contexts”

Answer 1

Eysenk and Flanagan 200

Question 2

black (Afro-Caribbean) immigrants were between 2 and 7 time more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia than white people

Answer 2

Cochrane

Question 3

6 Major criteria for idea mental health

Answer 3

Jahoda (1958)

Question 4

argues that using the above criteria would mean that most people would be considered abnormal

Answer 4

Mackay

Question 5

Failure to function adequately

Answer 5

Rosenhan and Seligman (1989)

Question 6

found that 14% of cases may be linked to exposure to the flue virus in the womb durinf the first timester

Answer 6

Brown et al (2004)

Question 7

Found the concordance rate for schizophrenia in non-identical twins was 9% but for identical twins it rose to 42%

Answer 7

Gottesman and Shields (1972)

Question 8

Found that first degree relatives of schizophrenics were 18 times more likely to develop the illness than a matches control group

Answer 8

Kendler et al (1985)

Question 9

Found that in 13 families where there was a case of schizphrenia these families contained multiple cases in 3 or more generation. THey took DNA samples and found strong evidence that certain chromosones were linked to schizophrenia and passes on through the generations.

Answer 9

Gurling et al (2001)

Question 10

1st experiment - Unreliability of diagnosis eight people free of psychiatric symptoms reported auditory hallucinations after being admitted into hospitals stopped reporting voices - later discharged 7-52 days later *only people suspicious were fellow patients*

Answer 10

Rosenham

Question 11

2nd experiment- members of teaching hospital told about 1st study and were warned pseudo-patients trying to gain access- each member of staff rated new patient as imposter/not -193 patients admitted- 41 rated as imposter by at least 1 member of staff -23 suspected imposter by psychiatrist + one other staff

Answer 11

Rosenham

Question 12

“None actually displayed the symptoms of schizophrenia but the context lead to expectation that they were indeed mentally ill”

Answer 12

Rosenham

Question 13

Reviews 38 studies of antidepressants and found patients who receives placebos fared almost as well as those getting real drugs suggesting the beneficial effects of drug may be caused largely by the placebo effect.

Answer 13

Kirsch (2002)

Question 14

Compared the use of tricyclics (antidepressants) and placebos in 28 studies and found a success rate of 35% for placebos and 60% for tricyclics

Answer 14

Mulrow (2000)

Question 15

found that rekapse rates were lower for schizophrenics treated with anti psychotic drugs, when compared to placebo’s as a treatment

Answer 15

WHO world health organisation (2001)