Psychology Abnormality reversed 1

Question 1

Cochrane

Answer 1

Reported that black (Afro- Caribbean) immigrants were between 2 and 7 times more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia than white people

Question 2

Mackay

Answer 2

Argues that using the above criteria would mean that most people would be considered abnormal

Question 3

Gottesman and Shields

Answer 3

Founds that the concordance rate for schizophrenia in non-identical twins was 9% but for identical twins it rose to 42%

Question 4

Kendler et al

Answer 4

Found that first degree relatives of schizophrenics were 18 times more likely to develop the illness than a matched group

Question 5

Gurling et al

Answer 5

Found that in 13 families where there was a case of schizophrenia these families contained multiple cases in 3 or more generations. They took DNA samples and found strong evidence that certain chromosomes are linked to schizophrenia and passed on through generations

Question 6

Kirsch

Answer 6

Reviews 28 studies of antidepressants and found patients who received placebos fared almost as well as those getting real drugs, suggesting the beneficial effects of drugs may be caused largely by the placebo effect

Question 7

Mulrow

Answer 7

Compared the use of tricyclics and placebos in 28 studies and found a success rate of 25% for placebos and 60% for tricyclics. So even though there was a placebo effect, this was far less effective than the tricyclics

Question 8

WHO

Answer 8

Found that relapse rates were lower for schizophrenics treated with antipsychotic drugs, when compared to placebo’s as a treatment

Question 9

Comer

Answer 9

States that 60-70% of ECT patients improve after treatment.

Question 10

Sackheim

Answer 10

found 84% of patients relapsed within six months of having ECT

Question 11

Eranti

Answer 11

46 patients with major depression were randomly allocated to either ECT or a control condition (exposure to powerful magnetic fields which are believed to benifit depressed patients) Depression was assessed immediatly after one month and after 6 months
Findings- 59% of the ECT patients went into remission experiencing no symptoms immediately after treatment, control group experienced similar remission. However at a 6 month follow up most of the patients were suffering major depression again