Social influence 1 Flashcards
proposed different types of conformity
Compliance and Internalisation
Kelman 1958
found that unemploed Black youths from racially tense part of London were more likely to conform to a majority made up of other Black youths when the experimenter was white
Perrin and Spencer 1981
Founds that children who had a greater need for social acceptance were the most likely to comply to pressure exerted by a bullying group to victimise another child. By conforming to the actions of the bullying group , these children believed they woould be accepted by the other members and so could maintain their friendship regardless of how they felt in private toward bullying
Garandeau and Cillessen 2006
Found that intelligence was a major determining factor in conformity to informational social influence, with intelligent individuals being more self-confident and so less likely to conform
Allen
Highly intelligent students conformed less than moderately intelligent students but students with the lowest intelligence conformed mid-way between the two
Asch
He eliminated face-to-face contact by placing participants in booths and confirmed Asch’s findings, with levels of conformity increasing as tasks were made more difficult
Crutchfield
CULTURAL DIFFERENCES A meta analysis of studies of conformity found that conformity levels were significantly higher in collectivist cultures (where interdependence is highly valued) than in individualist cultures (where independence is more highly valued)
Smith and Bond
HISTORICAL DIFFERENCES - Smith and Bond established that there was a negative correlation between date of study and levels of conformity found. Earlier studies such as Asch showed higher levels of conformity whereas later studies should lower levels
Smith and Bond
carried out an meta-analysis of 145 studies and concluded that women were more likely to conform than men
Eagly and Carli
Argue that Aschs study lacked validity it may not tell us anything at all about real life conformity situations in real life conformity generally takes place among people who are well acquainted, such as family members, friends/colleagues - claim we rarely have ti make decision among strangers.
Mori and Arai
Tewnty seven judges were divided into panels of up to five and asked to judge 30 videotaped performances of skipping. In one condition the judges could hear each others judgements and in the others they could not. There was more agreement when they heard each others feeback.
Boen et al
argued that Milgram showed insufficient respect for his participants and that there were inadequate steps taken to protect them. She also suggested that his procedures had the potential to cause long-term psychology harm and that there was the likelihood that partiscipant would not trust psychologistics or people in authority in the future
Baumrind
claimed that participants didnt truly believe that the electric shock were real and were just going along with their role as research participants (demand characteristics) they claimed that participants stress was also in order to please the experimenter
Orne and Holland
The Laboratory showed little resemblance to real-life situations
Orne and Holland
Provided support for this explanation in hisstudy of Nazi doctor working in Auschwitz. They were firstly required to carry out sterilization of prisoners, but having committed to that order were then required to carry out more and more horrific medical experiments, ending with the killing on their ‘subjects’ in the interests of science
Lifton
