Studies

Question 1

Group norms experiment

Answer 1

Sherif, 1936

obj: measure the influence of others opinion as frame

• ask what participants how much did the light move
• in uncertain situatinos, people use opinion of others as a frame of reference to converge to group norm
• group norm persists even when people are alone

Question 2

Social learning experiment

Answer 2

Bandura, 1963

–> test the learning by vicarious experiment hypothesis

An adult behaves aggresively towards a babo doll
Child is left alone to play in the room

Measure: level of aggression

Question 3

Bandura study Interpretations

Answer 3

• Confirmed that we learn by vicarious experience
• Once established in childhood, an aggressive response is persistent
• By imitation, a behaviour is likely to repeat itself across generations

Question 4

Stanford Prison Experiment facts

Answer 4

Zimbardo, 1971

• 24 white males psychologically stable
• Randomly assigned the role of prisoners or guards
• setting done to be as similar as possible to a real prison

Question 5

Stanford Prison Experiment Interpretation

Answer 5

• No personality factors could explain the behaviours
• Situational factors
• Internalisation of the roles
• Deinviduation (conform to group norms, individual identity less than group identity)

Question 6

Obedience: experiment description

Answer 6

Milgram experiment 1974 (obj: investigate obedience to authority)

• 20 to 50 years old men
• randomly assigned role of teacher while a confederate was learner
• teacher had to learner’s knowledge under different conditiosn

–> 65% obedience

Question 7

Obedience experiment - facotrs which influence obedience

Answer 7

In Milgram but completed with Hogg & Vaughan in 2014

• Victim unseen but heard
• Experimenter giving orders in the room
• in a university
• no peer pressure
• in the USA

Question 8

Influence of a minority study

Answer 8

Moscovici experiment 1969

obj: investigate influence of a minority
- take part in an experiment of a colour perception

Question 9

Influence of a minority study - result

Answer 9

• Higher number of errors (people who answered greeen when it was blue) when the minority was consistent

Question 10

Conformity experiment

Answer 10

Asch experiment 1951

• male unviersity students
• take part in a visual discrimination task with different lenghts of line

–> average conformity rate 33%

Question 11

Process of conformity

Answer 11

• Normative influence : person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval, wants to fit in
• informational influence: pressure to conform to a group norm