STS2 Flashcards
is an Interdisciplinary discipline which brings together previously Independent and older disciplines; among those is the History of Science.
STS
encomposses the study of the development of science across time. Seeks to explore how science evolved and is evolving, and analyzes the formation of the sciences as part of the human experience.
Subdiscipline of STS
also asks questions regarding the relationship between scientific progress and larger social, political, economic and cultural contexts.
Subdiscipline of STS
(Principe of Johns Hopkins University)
PROFESSOR LAWRENCE
explains that historians of science ‘aim to get a true and accurate depiction of science in the past.
PROFESSOR LAWRENCE
scientific ideas developed
(Evolution)
where they came from
(genesis)
and why
(context)
Getting a better idea of science in the past gives us a ______ nowadays which, in turn, encourages interest in the subject.
a better picture of science
Studying the subject tells us more about how our ancestors were involved in the same processes of discovery about how the world works.
true ka dyan
Discussing the history of science benefits students as i dispels the false notion that getting into science requires being a genius.
Providing access to the development of science across time encourages more people to go into _____
science.
can also refer to the prevailing and non-tangible societal conditions, which required scientists to think of inventing new tools, devices, and technologies or improving existing ones in order to better address the ever-growing challenges at the time.
antecedents
defined as a precursor to the unfolding or existence of something.
Antecedent -
defined as the previous state of science and technology before something more advanced was created.
A historical antecedent -
can refer to the older and tangible counterparts of a more advanced, more efficient, and more useful tool, device, or technology.
Antecedents
digital or virtual cryptocurrency invented in 2009,which uses peer-to-peer technology and strong cryptography to facilitate online transactions and secure online payments.
Bitcoin
essentially a computer file stored in a digital wallet application on people’s smartphone or computer.
Bitcoin
where transactions are being recorded it is a public list
blockchain’
our traditional currencies and monetary units. (tangible antecedent of bitcoin)
‘copper coins’ and ‘paper money’
(Non-tangible antecedent of bitcoin). It was the worst economic disaster since the _________________
Great Depression from 1929 to 1939.
2008 ‘Financial Crisis’ which culminated with ‘LEHMAN BROTHERS HOLDINGS INC’s.’ declaration of bankruptcy on __________ . (Non-tangible antecedent of bitcoin). It was the worst economic disaster since the Great Depression from 1929 to 1939.
September 15, 2008
an era when the scientific method was just unfolding In the history of science, the development of proper science, through the rise of scientific thinking and the scientific method took place only during the Middle Ages.
ANCIENT AGE
where our ancestors mostly relied on
‘Protoscience’
As such, during the Ancient Age, knowledge and understanding about how the world works was handed down through generations using _________
oral tradition
early humans were focused on ______
survival.
This quá for survival paved the way for our ancestors to successful, build ancient civilizations such as:
Mesopotamia (3500-500 BC Indus (3300-1900 B.C.)
*Ancient Egypt (3150-31 B.C.)
*Anciel Greece (2700-479 B.C.)
*Ancient China (2100-221 B.C.)
*Ancient Rome (550 B.C. - 465 A.D.)
Mesopotamia
(3500-500 BC Indus (3300-1900 B.C.)
Ancient Egypt
(3150-31 B.C.)
Anciel Greece
(2700-479 B.C.)
Ancient China
(2100-221 B.C.)
Ancient Rome
(550 B.C. - 465 A.D.)
It was in these civilizations that the foundations of proper science were discovered and put in place. For example, forms of writing allowed for knowledges to be documented and communicated to the next generation.
ANCIENT AGE
People from ancient civilizations had long used animals for transportation ages before the invention of the wheel.
Ancient Wheel
_______ grew out of a mechanical device called the ‘potter’s wheel’
ancient wheel
a heavy flat disk made of hardened clay which was spun horizontally on an axis
Potter’s Wheel
- It is believed that the Sumerians invented the ______ shortly after 3500 B.C.
Potter’s Wheel
- It would not be until 1000 to 1500 years later that the wheel was first used on carts.
Potter’s Wheel
a material similar to thick paper.
Papyrus
was made from the papyrus plant that grew near the Nile River. It was lightweight,strong, durable, and, more importantly, portable
Papyrus
before the Egyptians invented the papyrus, writing was made on____
on stone.
because of the difficulty of writing on stone, writing was reserved only for ___ ____ ____
very important occasions.
with the advent of the papyrus, documentation and record-keeping became _____ and ____
efficient and widespread.
through the use of the _______ , information dissemination moved exponentially faster. Records were kept and stood the test of time more durably and efficiently.
papyrus
an early tool invented and used by ancient Egyptians to irrigate land. Among Egyptians who lived near the Nile river, irrigation was necessary to water their crops.
Shadoof
also spelled as “shaduf”
Shadoof
a hand-operated device for lifting water. Its invention introduced the idea of lifting things using counterweights.
Shadoof
is also believed to be an ancient precursor of more sophisticated irrigation tools.
Shadoof
was similar to a mantel clock.
Antikythera mechanism
- It was akin to a clock in the way that the case had a circular face and rotating hands.
Antikythera mechanism
widely believed that the _____ _____ was used to predict astronomical positions and eclipses for calendar and astrological purposes.
Antikythera mechanism
one of the oldest known antecedents of modern clockwork, was invented by (Greek scientists between 250-87 B.C.)
Antikythera mechanism
a steam-powered turbine, which spun when the water container at its center was heated; thus, making it the first rudimentary steam engine.
Aeolipile
also known as Hero’s engine
Aeolipile
______ is credited for the demonstration of the aeolipile in first century A.D.
- Hero of Alexandria