HISTORICAL ANTECEDENT Flashcards
Location of Sumerian Civilization
Southern most tip of Mesopotamia
It is the first writing system
Cuneiform
utilizes word picture and triangular symbols
Cuneiform
Method:
it is carved on a clay using wedge instruments and left it dry
Cuneiform
Its advantage is record keeping
while it disadvantage is
time consuming
Cuneiform
its Features includes:
• known as mountain of god
• only priest are allowed to enter
The Ziggurat of Ur
its Method is:
• made of sun-baked bricks
The Ziggurat of Ur
Advantage
• showcase not only Sumerian architecture but also remarkable technology used
Disadvantage
• selection of people to enter the place
The Ziggurat of Ur
Feature:
• done by farmers to maintain water flowing in the farmlands
Irrigations and Dikes
Advantage:
• address water supply scarcity and flooding in the river
• year-long framing and harvesting that leads to increased food production
Irrigations and Dikes
Features
• do not resemble the present-day alarm
Alarm Clock
Advantage
• use to tell individual when to start and when to stop
Disadvantage
• accuracy
Alarm Clock
- travel places
- discover new horizon and better locations for settlement
- search for food exchange goods
Concerns of People: Transportation
- discover and occupy newplaces
- record keeping for places, trades, history and culture.
Concerns of People: Communication
- establishment of new alliances from other tribes
- stronger tribes tend to invade weaker tribes I security and protection
Concerns of People: Weapons and Armors
- discovery of cure for diseases
Concerns of People: Conservation of Life
- address specific needs and wants
- protection against human attack and natural diseases
Concerns of People: Infrastructure
- style (today)
- nation’s identity; status symbol of technological advancement of a certain civilization
Concerns of People: Architecture
Features
- used to dig earth in a faster pace
Plow
Advantage
- farmers can cultivate lands faster without taking much time and effort
Disadvantage
- use of other organisms (ex. Cow, Carabao)
Plow
- Considered as great builders, engineers, and architects
- contribute one of seven wonders in the ancient world
THE BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION
THE BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION: LOCATION
emerged near Tigris and Euphrates rivers
Features:
- structures are said to be made up of layers upon layers of gardens that contained several species of plants, trees, and vines
- according to legends, great Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II built the garden for his wide Queen Amytis
Hanging Garden of Babylon
Advantage
- one of the wonders in the ancient world
Disadvantage
- no physical evidence of existence
- exact location is unknown
- lack documentation or archaeological evidence
Hanging Garden of Babylon
Features
- ______ is a plant that grew abundantly along the Nile River in Egypt
- thin sheet produce by ______ used for writing
Paper of Papyrus
Advantage
- lighter and thinner than clay tablets
- easy to carry and store (sending letters are easier)
- less breakable
Disadvantage
- can be damage by termites; damage over time
Paper or Papyrus
- First medical document
- Neuroscience
- 48 surgical cases
- List of sugical instrument
Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus (1862)
Method
- sun-baked bricks were laid in the ground, and poured bitumen (black sticky substance similar to asphalt) to smoothen the _____
Roads
Advantage
- convenient for travelling instead of travelling in soft and muddy ______
- facilitate faster and easier travel
Disadvantage
- Maintenance
Roads
Features
- first true City
- unique way how it is erected
Uruk City
Method
- big challenge - no building stones, lumber is limited
- used mud or clay from the river, mixed with reeds to produced sun-baked bricks
Uruk City
Advantage
- Bricks that made the City is used as protection against harsh weather and prevent other people from entering the place as well as wild animals
Disadvantage
- durability of bricks
Uruk City
Features
- They have advanced mathematical and astronomical knowledge of the following:
- Constellations
- Distance from the earth to the sun
- Orbit of the earth was elliptical
Number of planets in our galaxy
Astronomy and Astrology
Methods
- four vessels lined up vertically
- upper vessel supplied water which dropped to the vessel below and set to be filled at a given time
- After it was full, water was siphoned off at a faster rate into the third vessel
- The third vessel will caused the explosion of the air, creating a whistling noise
- The third vessel would empty towards the bottom vessel for storage and reuse
Alarm Clock
Features
• mill uses water wheel or water turbine to drive a mechanical process such as milling (grinding, rolling or hammering)
• used in agricultural processes like milling of grains which was necessary for food processing
Water Mill
Advantage
• mass production of rice, cereals, flours and the likes
• less effort and time to operate
• only requires access to rivers or flowing water
Disadvantage
• water dependent
Water Mill
Known for unique infrastructures established by pharaohs
EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
- Most powerful person in ancient
Egypt. - “Lord of the Two Hands”
- Ruler of Upper and Lower
Egypt - “High Priest of Every Temple”
- Represented the gods on Earth
Pharaoh
Features
• used to improve and highlights facial features
• it function for both health and aesthetic reasons
• wore kohl to prevent and cure eye diseases
• the use of it varies slightly between socials classes
• Upper class - more make-up, pale skin
• Lower class - tanned, dark skin
Cosmetics
Features
• used for writing in papyrus
• combination of soot with diff. chemicals to color the ink
• Combination of soot with different chemical such as Carbon and Copper
• must stand the elements in nature since it is used for history, culture, and codified laws
Ink
Features
• hiero’ - holy and ‘glyphics’ - marks or writing taken together as “holy writings”
• writing using symbols provided by gods
• carved in the walls of pyramids in Egypt
Hieroglyphics
Features
• hiero’ - holy and ‘glyphics’ - marks or writing taken together as “holy writings”
• writing using symbols provided by gods
• carved in the walls of pyramids in Egypt
Hieroglyphics
Other contributions
• Pyramid of Giza
• Tomb inscriptions
• Arts and anticrafts
•Wall painting
• Toothpaste
• Handheld mirror
Features
• used to enhance appearance, health and wellness
Wig
Advantage
• protection from rays of the sun (bald)
• healthier in comparison to natural hair (lice invasion)
Disadvantage
• carried by the wind
• can produce smell when worn without washing
Wig
Advantage
• protection from rays of the sun (bald)
• healthier in comparison to natural hair (lice invasion)
Disadvantage
• carried by the wind
• can produce smell when worn without washing
Wig
Features:
• device utilizes gravity that affects the flow of water from one vessel into another
• used as timekeeping device
Water Clock or Clepsydra
How it works
• amount of water remained in the device determines how much time has elapsed since it is full
Water Clock or Clepsydra
Features
• They carried out surgical operations
• Diagnosis and prognosis of recognized sickness and treat it with organic natural compositions like honey and medical plants.
Treatment of Sickness
Features
• mode of transportation in rivers and seas
• used to carry large quantities of products
• cover large distances
Sailboats
Advantage
• essential for transportation
Disadvantage
• limited accommodation for people and products
Sailboats
Feature
_______were used for farm work and food processes
Wheel
Advantage
• used ______ mass production of products were made easier
• less effort for farmers to mill grains
Disadvantage
• durability (first wheels)
Wheels
Features
• The first ________ in the world, the _______ of Alexandria, was actually built in Egypt.
• During this time Egypt was under Greek control after submitting to Alexander’s rule.
Library
Features
• Like the first library, the first ________ in the world was located in the Greek-controlled Egyptian kingdom of Alexandria.
• The structure was called the ________ of Alexandria, or the Pharos of Alexandria
Lighthouse of Alexandria
Features
• The _____ Games started in ancients Greece, specifically in the city of Olympia
• The participants were the city-states of Ancient Greece and its Colonies also held every tour years in honor of Zues, the king god.
Olympics