INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS (2) Flashcards
ppt hatag ni kim
The term __________________
refers to the period where paradigm
shifts occurred.
“intellectual revolution”
It is when the beliefs that have been
widely embraced and accepted by the
people were __________ and _________.
challenged and opposed
shift in the field of astronomy from a
geocentric understanding of the universe, centered around Earth, to a heliocentric understanding, centered around the Sun.
COPERNICAN REVOLUTION
________ suggested that it could be because
of the perspective seen from the stationary
earth - that the irregular movements of
these heavenly bodies were a combination
of several regular circular motions, but
seen as irregular because the earth is
stationary
Ptolemy
irregular movements of these heavenly bodies were a combination
of several regular __________
circular motions
Dē revolutionibus orbium coelestium
(On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), 1543
Engraving of the solar system from Nicolaus Copernicus’s De revolutionibus orbium coelestium libri VI, 2nd ed. (1566; “Six Books Concerning the Revolutions of the Heavenly
Orbs”), the first published illustration of Copernicus’s _____________________
heliocentric system
COPERNICAN REVOLUTION
Nicolaus Copernicus
Engraving from Christoph Hartknoch’s book Alt-und neues Preussen (1684; “___________”), depicting Nicolaus Copernicus as a saintly and humble figure.
(1684; “Old and New Prussia”)
A) _______ ________ an English naturalist born in England on February 12, 1809.
Charles Robert Darwin,
B) H.M.S. Beagle (His/Her Majesty’s Ship), the ship where Darwin boarded in his voyage
C) The route of the H.M.S. Beagle Ship
DARWINIAN REVOLUTION
The _____Islands is located in Ecuador, South America on the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean. The unusual fauna of the island contributed to the groundbreaking theories of Charles Darwin
Galápagos Islands
The Galápagos Islands is located in Ecuador, South America on the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean. The unusual fauna of the island contributed to the groundbreaking theories of ___________
Charles Darwin
Darwin’s theory argued that organisms gradually evolve through a process he called _____________
“natural selection.”
In _____________, organisms with
genetic variations that suit their environment
tend to propagate more descendants than
organisms of the same species that lack the
variation, thus influencing the overall genetic
makeup of the species
natural selection
In 1871 Darwin published The Descent of Man, which argued that human beings shared a recent common ancestor with the
great African apes. He identified the defining characteristic of the human species as their relatively_____ ________ ______
large brain size
Creationist is someone who believes in a God
who is absolute creator of heaven and earth, out of nothing (ex nihilo).
The Theory of Creation
this theory had three
main components: that variation occurred
randomly among members of a species; that an individual’s traits could be inherited by its
progeny; and that the struggle for existence
would allow only those with favorable traits to
survive
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
Charles Darwin died in 1882 at the age of __________.
seventy-three
Charles Darwin is buried in __________ in London, England the same place where kings, queens and other royals are buried
Westminster Abbey
A method for treating mental illness
and also a theory which explains
human behavior.
“Psychoanalysis”
He believed that events in our
childhood have a great influence on
our adult lives, shaping our
personality
Freud
Freud’s Personality
Components
ID
SUPEREGO
EGO
-operates on the pleasure principle
- it focuses on immediate gratification or satisfaction of its needs so whatever feels good now is what it will pursue with no consideration for the reality, logicality, and practicality of the situation.
ID
