INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS Flashcards
is a system of knowledge of the natural world gained through scientific methods.
Science
is a practical applications of what we know about nature
technology
People living together in organized communities with shared laws, traditions and values
TRUE PO
__________ were due to human needs and wants
Inventions
what are the CONCERNS OF PEOPLE
transportation
communication
weapons and armors
conservation of life
infrastructure
architecture
- travel places
- discover new horizon and better locations for settlement
- search for food
- exchange goods
transportation
- discover and occupy new places
- record keeping for places, trades, history and culture
communication
- establishment of new alliances from other tribes
- stronger tribes tend to invade weaker tribes
- security and protection
weapons and armors
- discovery of cure for diseases
conservation of life
- address specific needs and wants
- protection against human attack and natural diseases
infrastructure
- style (today)
- nation’s identity; status symbol of technological
advancement of a certain civilization
architecture
REVIEW: IMPORTANT EVENTS/ACTIVITIES
DURING THE MIDDLE AGES
- Known as the Age of Exploration
- Massive invasions and migrations
- Wars were prevalent during this time
- Population decline due to wars however, during
the late period there is an increased in number. - Trade and commerce increased
BASAHA
REVIEW: EVENTS/ACTIVITIES DURING THE
MIDDLE AGES
- Printing Press
- Microscope
- Telescope
- War Weapons
REVIEW: IMPORTANT EVENTS/ACTIVITIES DURING THE MODERN TIMES
- 19th century onwards
- Greater demand for goods, transportation, and communication
- During this period, food processing and medicine posed some of the bigger challenges since health was a great concern.
: IMPORTANT EVENTS/ACTIVITIES DURING
THE MODERN TIMES
- Pasteurization
- Petroleum Refinery (Animal oil to
Kerosene) - Telephone
- Calculator
PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS
- Vulnerable in natural disasters
- Discoveries and inventions were built from
indigenous materials or created to adapt harsh tropical environment.
PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS
- Salamander Amphibious Tricycle
- Salt Lamp (Sustainable Alternative Lightning)
- Medical Incubator
- Mosquito Ovicidal or Larvicidal Trap System
- E-jeepney
- Science and Technology changed people’s perceptions and beliefs
- The developments during the Intellectual Revolution showed how society was transformed
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS
- Used to study the night sky
- Galileo Galilei did not invent the ______but was the first to use it systematically to observe celestial objects and record his discoveries.
telescope
-Many Greek philosophers and intellectuals
wrote about planets to explain its
movements and effects on us
- Many of them agreed that planets moved
around in circular motion, and thus created
days and nights
THEORY OF THE
MOVEMENTS OF
HEAVENLY BODIES
- Stated that the planets, as well as the sun and moon moved in a circular motion around earth
- Sun and moon’s revolution explained the existence of days and night
CLAUDIUS PTOLEMY
- The earth was at the center
of the solar system - This ________ model was
widely accepted by the people and was one of the greatest discoveries of time.
Geocentric model
Geo means..
earth duhhh
centric means…
center uy piste
In geocentrism the ______ is the center of
the solar system
Earth
- He is a Polish mathematician and
astronomer - He challenged Ptolemy’s idea and introduced the concept of Heliocentrism
NICOLAUS COPERNICUS
The center of the solar system was not the Earth but the sun
HELIOCENTRISM by NICOLAUS COPERNICUS
The Earth is the center of the solar system
GEOCENTRISM by CLAUDIUS PTOLEMY
Helio mean….
Sun
in HELIOCENTRISM the _____ is the center of the solar system
Sun
if SUN ang center sa solar system,,,,
HELIOSCENTRISM
if EARTH and center sa solar system,,,,
GEOCENTRISM
- This idea was rejected at first by the public since their religion taught them
that earth was created first among others - Copernicus was even persecuted as a heretic
HELIOCENTRISM
- After some time, astronomers
realized that the Copernican
model simplified the orbits of
the planets - It answered issues that cannot
be answered by Geocentrism - It was accepted in the modern
astronomy period
HELIOCENTRISM
ALL REVOLUTION is ___________ revolutions
CONTROVERSIAL
*He was an English naturalist, biologist, and
geologist who published the book “On the Origin of Species” during 1859.
CHARLES DARWIN
- He introduced here the theory of evolution, which states that the population pass through a process of natural selection known as
the “Survival of the Fittest”
ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES by Charles Darwin
- He stated that organisms have the ability to adapt to the environment and would
gradually change into something more competitive known as evolution.
ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES by Charles darwin
- According to the church, the source of life is a powerful creator
- The theory emerged at time when most of the population believed and accepted the biblical version of the earth’s creation
CONTRADICTORY TO RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
- It created conflicts that lead to social
division - Some believed that the theory
explained the origin of life but those
religious ones strongly refuted it
CONTRADICTORY TO RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
- According to Darwin’s theory, people came
from the first monkey - There is a natural explanation of the
environment
science
- We are created by a powerful source, God
- The creation
Religion
*After some time, people came to
understand that Darwin’s Theory
of evolution was not in fact
against the teachings of the
______ and both can coexist.
Church
tackles about PSYCHOLOGY
FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
In the past, the field psychology was
considered an ____ rather than _______
art rather than science
- Austrian neurologist, founder of psychoanalysis
- In the late 19th century, Sigmund Freud was able to change people’s perception
with his Psychoanalysis.
SIGMUND FREUD
- The study of the human behavior
- In this, Freud explained that there
are many unconscious and
conscious factors that can
influence behavior and emotions
PSYCHOANALYSIS
THE THREE CONFLICTING
ELEMENTS OF PERSONALITY
id
superego
ego
instincts
ID
- Operates pleasure principles
- It consists of all the inherited (i.e., biological)
components of personality present at birth,
including the sex (life) instinct and the
aggressive (death) instinct. - Personality of the newborn child
ID
- The idea that every wishful impulse should be satisfied immediately, regardless of the
consequences. - When the id achieves its demands, we
experience pleasure when it is denied we
experience ‘unpleasure’ or tension.
ID
engages in primary process thinking,
which is primitive, illogical, irrational, and
fantasy oriented.
ID
- This form of process thinking has no
comprehension of objective reality, and is selfish and wishful in nature
ID
REALITY
EGO
-Operates reality principles
-Working out realistic ways of satisfying the id’s demands, often compromising or postponing
satisfaction to avoid negative consequences of society.
EGO
considers social realities and norms, etiquette
and rules in deciding how to behave
EGO
If the ________ fails in its attempt to use the reality principle, and anxiety is experienced, unconscious defense mechanisms are employed, to help ward off unpleasant feelings (i.e., anxiety) or make good things feel better for the individual.
ego
Freud made the analogy of the id being a horse while the ego is the rider. The _____ is ‘like a man on horseback, who has to hold in check the superior strength of the horse.‘
ego
MORALITY
SUPEREGO
Incorporates the values and
morals of society which are learned from
one’s parents and others. It develops
around the age of 3 – 5 during the phallic
stage of psychosexual development.
SUPEREGO
- The conscience can punish the ego through causing feelings of guilt. For example, if the ego gives in to the id’s demands, the superego may make the person feel bad through guilt.
SUPEREGO
The ideal self is an imaginary
picture of how you ought to be, and represents career aspirations, how to treat other people, and how to behave as a member of society.
SUPEREGO
Science hardliners found out
that its concepts were
____________ and ___________
philosophical and supernatural
Many believed that _________ theory had
no scientific basis as no empirical or
experimental data could support it. Despite criticisms, he still continued to
work on refining his theory and how it
can be of great help in treating mental
disorders thus it becomes a science
Freud’s
These ___________ have brought
changes to the perspectives and
perceptions of the scientific
community and the public is the
evidence of science and
technology’s link to humanity.
theories
- Scientific & technological developments in the Philippines began.
- Filipino Settlers were already using certain plants and herbs & medicines. As well as farming and animal raising were implemented.
- Also developed modes of transportation.(e.g. carabao cart)
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
Filipino Settlers were already using certain plants and herbs & _________-. As well as farming and animal.
medicines
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
Complicated engineering feat was achieved by the natives of Cordilleras is when they built rice terraces by ____
HAND
COLONIAL PERIOD also known as __________
Spanish Colonial Period.
Spanish government developed health and education systems that were enjoyed by the _____________
principalia class.
in COLONIAL PERIOD the establishment of a government agency which is the ____________________
BUREAU OF SCIENCE
in the POST-COLONIAL PERIOD, Philippine presidents posted more developments in the
field of _________ and ______.
science and technology
_______________________ ushered in the advancements in science and technology.
Ferdinand Marcos
During his period many agencies were established and strengthened. These include:
PAGASA (Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical
Service Administration)
NAST (National Academy of Science and Technology)
DOST (Department of Science and Technology)
PAGASA abbreviation
(Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical)
DOST abbreviation
(Department of Science and Technology)
NAST abbreviation
(National Academy of Science and Technology)
The attachment of the child to the parent of the opposite sex, accompanied by envious and aggressive feelings toward the parent of the same sex. These feelings are largely repressed (ie. made unconscious because of the fear of displeasure or punishment by the parent of the same sex. The term was originally applied to boys.
OEDIPUS COMPLEX
It involves a girl, aged between 3 and 6, becoming subconsciously sexually attached to her father and increasingly hostile toward her mother.
