Structure Of The Heart Flashcards
What are the two layers of the serous pericardium?
Parietal and visceral
What are the two layers of the pericardium?
Serous and fibrous
What is the purpose of the pericardium?
Fixes the heart in the mediastinum and limits movement
Prevents heart overfilling from increasing in size due to the pericardium’s fibrous layer
What are the sensory nerves to the pericardium?
Phrenic nerves
What is cardiac tamponade?
Accumulation of fluid in the pericardium which can compress the heart and make it ineffective
What does the right coronary sinus branch into?
Right coronary artery -> right marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery
What does the left coronary sinus branch into?
Left coronary artery -> left anterior descending, left marginal artery, circumflex artery.
List the veins that drain into the coronary sinus
Great cardiac vein, small cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, left marginal vein, left posterior ventricular vein
Where is the right coronary artery found?
Right of the pulmonary trunk, along the coronary sulcus
Where is the right marginal artery found?
Along the right and inferior border of the heart towards the apex. Runs along the coronary sulcus to the posterior.
Where is the posterior interventricular artery found?
Follows posterior interventricular groove towards apex
Where is the LCA found?
Between the left hand side of pulmonary trunk and the left auricle
Where is the LAD found?
Follows anterior interventricular groove towards apex. Continues onto posterior surface to anastomose with posterior interventricular branch
Where does the left circumflex artery go?
Follows coronary sulcus to left border and onto posterior surface
Where is the left marginal artery found?
Follows the left border of the heart
What are the sulci of the heart?
The grooves that can be seen on the surface of the heart, formed from the four chambers
What is the anterior surface formed by?
Right ventricle
What is the posterior surface formed by?
Left atrium
What is the inferior/diaphragmatic surface formed by?
The left and right ventricles
What is the right pulmonary surface formed by?
The right atrium
What is the left pulmonary surface formed by?
Left ventricle
What is the superior border formed by?
Right and left atrium and great vessels
What is the inferior border formed by?
The left and right ventricles
What is the left border formed by?
Left ventricle and some of left atrium
What is the right border formed by?
Right and left atria and great vessels
What do the coronary sinus divide?
The atria from the ventricles
What divides the ventricles?
Anterior and posterior interventricular sulci
Which vessels does the arch of the aorta give rise to?
Brachiocephalic artery
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian
What is an aortic dissection?
Tear in the inner walk of the aorta
Creates two channels for blood flow - one in the normal lumen of the aorta and another into the wall, where blood becomes stationary
What is the complication of an aortic dissection?
Blood in the wall can constrict the aortic lumen, reducing blood flow to the rest of the body.
Can cause further weakness and dilation of the wall, potentially leading to an aortic aneurysm.
