Heart Valves Flashcards
What are the two categories of valves and which valves are included in each?
Atrioventricular valves
- tricuspid
- mitral
Semilunar valves
- pulmonary
- aortic
What are the heart valves made up of?
Connective tissue
Endocardium
How are the atrioventricular valves closed?
How are they attached to these muscles?
Contraction of papillary muscles
Chordae tendinae connect the valves to the muscle
What are the cusps of the tricuspid valve connected to?
Fibrous ring of the skeleton of the heart
When does the tricuspid valve open and close?
Opens during diastole
Closes during systole
How many cusps does the mitral valve have?
2
Where is the mitral valve located?
Between the left ventricle and atrium.
How are the semilunar valves opened and closed?
Back flow of blood collects in the cusps,mouthing them together
Where is the pulmonary valve?
Between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Structure of the pulmonary valves?
Three cusps attached to a fibrous ring
When does the pulmonary valve open and close?
Opens during systole
Closes during diastole
Where is the aortic valve located?
Between the left ventricle and the aorta
Structure of the aortic valve?
Three cusps attached to a fibrous ring
Where are the openings of the coronary arteries found?
Aortic walk just above the right and left coronary cusps
How does inspiration cause a ‘split second’ heart sound?
Air in the lungs causes a greater negative pressure in the thorax
Causes a decreased return of blood from the lungs
Aortic valve closes early - creating the noise
What is the difference in sound between the first and second heart sounds?
Second sound is higher in pitch, shorter duration and lower intensity
What is stenosis of a valve?
A narrowed valve so more pressure is needed to pump blood through it
What is regurgitation?
When the valve doesn’t close properly and allows back flow of blood
What is a murmur?
Sound caused by turbulent blood flow within the heart.
Can be caused by regurgitation or stenosis of a valve
If there is a systolic ejection murmur, which valves are affected?
What is the problem?
Describe the sound
Pulmonary and aortic valves
Stenosis
Crescendos and decrescendos between sound one and two
If there is a pansystolic murmur, which valves are affected?
What is the problem?
Describe the sound
Mitral and tricuspid regurgitation with a ventricular septal defect
Continuous noise between sound I and II
