Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroscience > Structure Of The Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Structure Of The Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is rostral?

A

→ Towards the front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is caudal?

A

→ towards the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why do humans have a curve between dorsal and ventral?

A

→ we are bipedal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where are humans symmetrical?

A

→ towards the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do you call two things on the same side of the mid line?

A

→ ipsilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do you call two things opposite of the midline?

A

→ Contralateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are two ways of describing a neuron projecting from the thalamus to the cortex?

A

→Thalamic efferent

→ Cortical afferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does an afferent describe?

A

→ Where the neuron is projecting to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does an efferent describe?

A

→ Where a neuron is projecting from

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are your eyes in reference to your nose?

A

→ Lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do afferent sensory fibres do?

A

→ Take sensory information from the periphery to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do efferent motor fibres do?

A

→ Motor instructions from the brain to the periphery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the cranial nerves?

A

→ Olfactory I
→ Optic II

→ Oculomotor III
→ Trochlear IV
→ Trigeminal V
→ Abducens VI
→ Facial VII
→ Vestibulocochlear VIII
→ Glossopharyngeal IX
→ Vagus X
→Accessory XI
→ Hypoglossal XII
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of nerves are the cranial nerves?

A

→ Sensory
→ Sensory

→ Motor
→ Motor
→ Both
→Motor
→ Sensory
→Both
→ Both
→ motor
→ motor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve project and what do they do?

A

→ Olfactory cortex - perception of smell
→ Hypothalamus - emotional aspects of smell

→ Amygdala
→ Hippocampus - odour memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where does the optic nerve project?

A

Retinal ganglion cells
↓

Lateral geniculate nucleus
↓
visual cortex (occipital lobe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of innervation does the oculomotor nerve have and what do they do?

A

→ Motor - eyeball and eyelid movement

→ Parasympathetic - pupillary constriction and accomodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the trochlear nerve do and what type of nerrve is it?

A

→ eyeball movement

→ motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of nerve is the abducens and what does it do?

A

→ Eyeball movement

→ motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What mediates up and down eye movement and what muscles are used?

A

→ CN III (oculomotor)

→ superior and inferior rectus muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What nerve and muscle mediates lateral eye movement?

A

→ CN III

→ Medial rectus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What nerve and muscle mediates diagonal downward movement?

A

→ CN III

→ Inferior oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What nerve mediates inward eye movement and what muscle is used?

A

→ CN IV (trochlear)

→ Superior oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What nerve mediates lateral eye movement and what muscle is used?

A

→ CN VI (abducens)

→ Lateral rectus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are palpebrae muscles controlled by?

A

→ CN II

26
Q

What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A

→ Opthalmic
→ Mandibular

→ Maxillary

27
Q

Where is sensory information transmitted to in the trigeminal nerve?

A

→ From the periphery down the trigeminal efferent to the somatosensory cortex

28
Q

What types of axons does the facial nerve have and what are their functions?

A

→ Sensory - taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue
→ Motor - muscles of facial expression & stapedius muscle

→ Parasympathetic - salivary lands, lacrimal glands, glands of the nose and palate

29
Q

What type axon does the vestibulocochlear nerve have?

A

→ Sensory

30
Q

What are the functions and pathways of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Hearing
cochlea cells

↓
medial geniculate nucleus (thalamus)
↓
auditory cortex (temporal lobe)

Balance
vestibular hair cells
↓
Ventral posterolateral nucleus
↓
Vestibular cortex (temporal lobe)
31
Q

What types of axons does the glossopharyngeal nerve have and what are their functions?

A

→ Sensory - pharynx, auditory tube in the middle ear, posterior third of the tongue, blood pressure changes in the aorta
→motor - swallowing

→ parasympathetic - salivary glands

32
Q

What type of nerve is the vagus nerve and what are the functions?

A

→ Sensory - sensation of pain associated with viscera
→Motor - muscles for speech and swallowing

→ Parasympathetic - smooth muscle in : heart, lungs and abdominal organs

33
Q

What type of axon does the accessory nerve have and what does it control?

A

→ Motor
→ Cranial : muscles of pharynx, larynx and soft palate

→ Spinal : head and neck muscles

34
Q

What type of axon does the hypoglossal nerve have and what does it do?

A

→ Motor

→ Tongue for movement, swallowing and speedch

35
Q

What are the three membranes in the skull?

A

→ Dura mater
→ Arachnoid membrane

→ Pia mater

36
Q

What is the dura mater like?

A

→ tough and inelastic

37
Q

What does the arachnoid membrane do?

A

→ Adheres layers together

38
Q

What is the pia mater like and what does it do?

A

→ thin membrane

→ adheres closely to the brain

39
Q

What is the subarachnoid space filled with?

A

→ CSF

40
Q

Where is CSF made?

A

→ in the choroid plexus

41
Q

Where does CSF go to and from?

A

→ Flows from the cerebrum ventricles down to the brainstem and spinal cord

42
Q

Where does the CSF enter the subarachnoid space?

A

→ Via apertures near the cerebellum

43
Q

Where is CSF absorbed?

A

→ by blood vessels in the subarachnoid space

44
Q

What is the function of CSF?

A

→ to protect the brain from chemical and physical injury
→ regulates intracranial pressure

→ exchanging nutrients and waste products between blood and CNS

45
Q

What is happening when someone is coding?

A

→ Intracranial pressure is so high that the brain has been pushed downwards into the brainstem

46
Q

What arteries supply blood to the brain?

A

→ Vertebral arteries and carotid arteries

47
Q

What structure to the arteries of the brain form and what kind of flow is there?

A

→ Circle of willis

→ turbulent flow

48
Q

What is the lateral surface of the cerebrum supplied by?

A

→ Middle cerebral artery

49
Q

What is most of the medial wall of the cerebral hemisphere supplied by?

A

→ anterior cerebral artery

50
Q

What does the lymphatic system in the brain do and where is it?

A

→ within the dura mater

→ Delivers immune cells

51
Q

What are the major regions of the brain

A

→forebrain
→brainstem
→cerebellum

52
Q

What are the axis of the brain?

A

→Anterior-posterior
→Rostral-caudal
→Dorsal-ventral
→Superior-inferior

53
Q

What are the planes of the brain?

A

→coronal
→horizontal
→sagital

54
Q

What is the difference between anterograde and retrograde amnesia?

A

→unable to create new memories

→generally unable to recall past memories

55
Q

What is the ventricular system?

A

comprises a series of interconnected, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled spaces that lie at the core of forebrain and brain stem.

56
Q

What does the ventricular system comprise of?

A

→Lateral ventricles- paired structures
→Third ventricle
→Fourth ventricle- extends from cerebral aqueduct.

57
Q

What is the choroid plexus?

A

responsible for producing the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that fills these ventricular spaces

58
Q

What are the functions of the ventricular system?

A

→Protection of the brain (e.g. cushion for physical shocks)

→Transport (e.g. nutrients, waste products)

→ regulation of buoyancy. CSF reduces net weight

59
Q

Where does the posterior circulation of the brain arise from?

A

→vertebral arteries

→Arise from subclavian arteries

60
Q

Where do vertebral arteries converge?

A

near base of pons to form the basilar artery

61
Q

What does the basilar artery split into?

A

→the right and left superior cerebellar arteries and the posterior cerebral arteries at the level of the midbrain

Neuroscience (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions