STRUCTURE OF THE CELL Flashcards
The ______ supports and protects the cell’s components, storing necessary molecules for cellular activities and contributing to the cell’s shape.
cytoplasm
______ serve as the cell’s digestive system, responsible for breaking down external materials brought into the cell and recycling old or damaged internal components.
Lysosomes
The main function of the ______ is to serve as a barrier that isolates the nucleus’s contents from the cytoplasm.
nuclear membrane
______ are cylindrical organelles that help organize microtubules that make up the cell’s structural framework and play a role in positioning the nucleus and other organelles within the cell.
Centrioles
The ______ plays a key role in numerous metabolic processes, including the production of lipids, phospholipids, and steroids.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
______ function as barriers and gatekeepers, being semipermeable. They permit some molecules to diffuse across the lipid bilayer while restricting others.
Cell membranes
______, known as the “powerhouses of the cell”, produce the energy needed for cellular survival and function. They transform ______ into ______ through chemical reactions, which supplies energy for various cellular activities.
Mitochondria, glucose, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
______ offer structural support and maintain cell shape. They assist in cell division by helping to separate cells and are crucial for cell movement and shape alterations.
Microfilaments
The main function of the ______ is to condense DNA into compact unit that can fit within the nucleus. It exists into two types: ______ and ______.
chromatin, euchromatin, heterochromatin
The ______ is a spherical structure inside the cell nucleus that mainly functions to produce and assemble ribosomes. It is also where the transcription of ribosomal RNA genes occurs.
nucleolus
______ act as carriers, transporting extracellular fluid into the cell.
Pinocytotic vesicles
The ______, covered with numerous membrane-bound ribosomes, is involved in producing, folding, ensuring quality, and dispatching certain proteins.
rough endoplasmic reticulum
A ______ is an intracellular structure composed of RNA and protein, serving as the site of protein synthesis. It reads the ______ sequence and translates this genetic code into a sequence of ______, which then form long chains that fold into ______.
ribosome, messenger RNA (mRNA), amino acids, proteins
The ______ is a cell organelle responsible for processing and packaging proteins and lipids, particularly those intended for export from the cell.
golgi body
______ are membrane-bound organelles functioning similarly to specialized lysosomes. Their role is to manage waste by both absorbing and expelling waste products.
Vacuoles
