Structure of the bone Flashcards
Why do bones contain living tissues?
To allow growth and repair and to store minerals.
What is articular cartilage?
Articular cartilage is found at the end of long bones and reduces friction during movement.
What is the medullary cavity?
The medullary cavity is the cavity where bone marrow is tored.
What is red bone marrow?
Red bone marrow is spongy tissue that produces erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes.
What is yellow bone marrow?
Yellow bone marrow is spongy tissue that produces fat and cartilage.
What is compact bone?
Compact bone is hard tissue surrounding the bone.
What is the periosteum?
The periosteum is the tough outer layer of bone.
What is the proximal epiphysis?
The proximal epiphysis is the top rounded end of the bone which articulates with another bone.
What is the distal epiphysis?
The distal epiphysis is the bottom rounded end of the bone which articulates with another bone.
What is a blood vessel?
Blood vessels provide blood to the bone.
What is the diaphysis?
Diaphysis is the central shaft of the bone.
What is the epiphyseal line?
The epiphyseal line is a disc of cartilage responsible for the growth. It is the only area where bone length increases.
What is the cancellous bone?
The cancellous bone is a honeycomb-like structure to help keep bones strong but light in weight.
What are the 6 bone landmarks?
Notches, Fossae, Condyles, Borders, Processes and Tuberosity.
What are notches?
Notches are v-shaped depressions in a bone.
What are fossae?
Fossae are shallow depressions on bone surfaces.
What are condyles?
Condyles are rounded bumps that fit into fossae to form joints.
What are borders?
Borders are the main part of the bone.
What are processes?
Processes are raised areas for muscle attachment.
What is a tuberosity?
A tuberosity is a rough rounded projection for muscle attachment.
What are the 6 functions of the skeletal system?
- attachment to muscles
- support framework
- protection
- movement
- blood cell production
- mineral storage
What are ligaments?
Ligaments are short bands of fibrous tissue found outside a joint with the function of holding bones together around the joint to prevent hyper extension or hyper flexion.
What are the vertebrae called?
The top vertebrae (C1-C7) are called the cervical vertebrae
The middle vertebrae (T1-T12) are called the thoracic vertebrae
The bottom vertebrae (L1-L5) are called the lumbar vertebrae.
The remaining vertebrae are classified as the sacrum and coccyx.
