Joints and synovial joints Flashcards
What is a joint?
A joint is any part in the body where two bones meet.
What are the three classifications of joints?
Fixed joints, cartilaginous joints and synovial joints.
What is a fixed joint?
Fixed joints are non-moving joints that connect bones of the skull. The joints have serrated edges that lock together with fibres of connective tissue.
What is a cartilaginous joint?
Cartilaginous joints are connected to each other by pads of cartilage and can only move a small amount. For example, the vertebrae.
What is a synovial joint?
Synovial joints have synovial fluid in the joint cavity which acts as a lubricant to allow the joint to move freely. The ends of bones are covered with articular cartilage to prevent friction and wear between bone ends.
What are the six types of synovial joints?
Gliding joints, Saddle joints, Pivot joints, Condyloid joints, Ball and socket joints and Hinge joints.
What are gliding joints?
Gliding joints move against each other on a single plane. For example, intercarpal and intertarsal joints.
What are saddle joints?
Saddle joints allow flexion, extension and other movement but no rotations. For example the metacarpal joints within a thumb.
What are pivot joints?
Pivot joints provides rotation. For example, the atlas and axis at the top of the spine form a rotation of the head.
What are condyloid joints?
Condyloid joints allow circular motions, flexion and extension. For example, the carpal bones and phalanges.
What are ball and socket joints?
Ball and socket joints are freely moving that can rotate on any axis. For example, the pelvis and the femoral head.
What are hinge joints?
Hinge joints move on one singular axis and allow flexion or extension. For example, the knee joint
What is the synovial joint capsule?
The joint capsule encases the joint and is compromised of synovial membrane and a fibrous capsule.
What is the synovial membrane?
Synovial membrane acts as a lining for the joint capsule and produces synovial fluid.
What is synovial fluid?
Synovial fluid fills the joint capsule and lubricates + nourishes the joint.
