Structure and function of the heart Flashcards
What are the four main chambers of the heart?
Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle.
Which side of the heart carries de-oxygenated blood?
The right side
Which side of the heart carries oxygenated blood?
The left side
What are the two atrioventricular valves?
The tricuspid and bicuspid valves.
Where is the tricuspid valve located?
In between the right atrium and right ventricle.
Where is the bicuspid valve located?
In between the left atrium and left ventricle.
What are the two semilunar valves?
The semilunar aortic valve and the semilunar pulmonary valve.
Where is the semilunar aortic valve located?
Between the left ventricle and the aorta.
Where is the semilunar pulmonary valve located
Between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
What is the function of the superior vena cava?
Carries deoxygenated blood from the upper part of the body to the right atrium.
What is the function of the inferior vena cava?
Carries deoxygenated blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium.
What is the function of the right pulmonary vein?
Drains oxygenated blood from the right upper and middle lobe of the lungs and transports it to the left atrium.
What is the function of the left pulmonary vein?
Drains oxygenated blood from the left upper lobe and lingula of the lungs and transports it to the left atrium.
What is the function of the aorta?
The aorta is the largest artery in the body and it transports blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.
What is the function of the pulmonary artery?
The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
What is the function of the coronary arteries?
Coronary arteries are on each side of the heart and they branch around the heart muscle to carry oxygenated blood to the myocardium in the heart muscles.
What is the function of the septum?
The septum is muscle within the heart that acts as a barrier between the two ventricles and atrium which prevents the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
What are the four layers of the heart?
The endocardium; the inner layer of the heart. The myocardium; the middle cardiac tissue that supports the heart. The pericardium; the outer layer that shapes the heart and the epicardium; which is a layer within the pericardium.
What is the function of the endocardium?
The endocardium is the inner layer that lines the chamber of the heart, protects the heart and contains purkinje fibres.
What is the function of the myocardium?
The myocardium is the specalised heart tissue that forms the heart and facilitates the contraction and relaxation for the blood to pump.
What is the function of the pericardium?
The pericardium is the outer layer of the heart which shapes and protects the heart. This lubricates the heart to prevent friction of the heart muscle on other structures.
What is the function of the epicardium?
The epicardium is a layer within the pericardium which protects the inner heart muscles.
What is the chordae tendineae?
The chordae tendineae is commonly known as the heart strings which connects the atrioventricular valves in place as they contract.
