Structure and function of the heart

Question 1

What are the four main chambers of the heart?

Answer 1

Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle.

Question 2

Which side of the heart carries de-oxygenated blood?

Answer 2

The right side

Question 3

Which side of the heart carries oxygenated blood?

Answer 3

The left side

Question 4

What are the two atrioventricular valves?

Answer 4

The tricuspid and bicuspid valves.

Question 5

Where is the tricuspid valve located?

Answer 5

In between the right atrium and right ventricle.

Question 6

Where is the bicuspid valve located?

Answer 6

In between the left atrium and left ventricle.

Question 7

What are the two semilunar valves?

Answer 7

The semilunar aortic valve and the semilunar pulmonary valve.

Question 8

Where is the semilunar aortic valve located?

Answer 8

Between the left ventricle and the aorta.

Question 9

Where is the semilunar pulmonary valve located

Answer 9

Between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.

Question 10

What is the function of the superior vena cava?

Answer 10

Carries deoxygenated blood from the upper part of the body to the right atrium.

Question 11

What is the function of the inferior vena cava?

Answer 11

Carries deoxygenated blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium.

Question 12

What is the function of the right pulmonary vein?

Answer 12

Drains oxygenated blood from the right upper and middle lobe of the lungs and transports it to the left atrium.

Question 13

What is the function of the left pulmonary vein?

Answer 13

Drains oxygenated blood from the left upper lobe and lingula of the lungs and transports it to the left atrium.

Question 14

What is the function of the aorta?

Answer 14

The aorta is the largest artery in the body and it transports blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.

Question 15

What is the function of the pulmonary artery?

Answer 15

The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Question 16

What is the function of the coronary arteries?

Answer 16

Coronary arteries are on each side of the heart and they branch around the heart muscle to carry oxygenated blood to the myocardium in the heart muscles.

Question 17

What is the function of the septum?

Answer 17

The septum is muscle within the heart that acts as a barrier between the two ventricles and atrium which prevents the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Question 18

What are the four layers of the heart?

Answer 18

The endocardium; the inner layer of the heart. The myocardium; the middle cardiac tissue that supports the heart. The pericardium; the outer layer that shapes the heart and the epicardium; which is a layer within the pericardium.

Question 19

What is the function of the endocardium?

Answer 19

The endocardium is the inner layer that lines the chamber of the heart, protects the heart and contains purkinje fibres.

Question 20

What is the function of the myocardium?

Answer 20

The myocardium is the specalised heart tissue that forms the heart and facilitates the contraction and relaxation for the blood to pump.

Question 21

What is the function of the pericardium?

Answer 21

The pericardium is the outer layer of the heart which shapes and protects the heart. This lubricates the heart to prevent friction of the heart muscle on other structures.

Question 22

What is the function of the epicardium?

Answer 22

The epicardium is a layer within the pericardium which protects the inner heart muscles.

Question 23

What is the chordae tendineae?

Answer 23

The chordae tendineae is commonly known as the heart strings which connects the atrioventricular valves in place as they contract.