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Gastrointestinal system > Structure of intestines and anus > Flashcards

Structure of intestines and anus Flashcards

1
Q

Highest point of diaphragm

A

T8

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2
Q

Route faeces take from caecum to anal canal

A

Cecum - ascending - hepatic flexure - transverse colon - splenic flexure - descending colon - sigmoid colon - rectum - anal canal

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3
Q

What is the caecum?

A

Where large and small intestines join

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4
Q

Which part of the intestines does the superior mesenteric artery supply

A

Ascending and transverse

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5
Q

Which part of the intestine does the inferior mesenteric artery supply

A

Sigmoid colon, rectum, descending colon

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6
Q

Where does the midgut end?

A

Distal transverse colon

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7
Q

Relevance of middle colic artery

A

Anastomoses with inferior mesenteric artery

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8
Q

Where does all the blood from bowels end up?

A

Liver

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9
Q

Where does the superior mesenteric vein drain?

A

Midgut

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10
Q

What forms the hepatic portal vein?

A

Splenic vein + superior mesenteric

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11
Q

Where is the gasproduodenal artery?

A

Behind superior duodenum,

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12
Q

Why is it dangerous to have ulcer in superior duodenum?

A

If deep can erode gasproduodenal artery

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13
Q

Function of momentum

A

Separates abdomen into greater and lesser sacs

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14
Q

Paracolic gutter

A

fluid can travel along these which can run and collect in pelvis etc - infection could be from anywhere in abdomen

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15
Q

Anal canal histology

A
  • Mucosa of anus folds longitudinally to form columns
  • At the bottom of folds are pouches with anal valves
  • Glands in pouches secrete mucus
  • Dentate line separates endoderm (gut) from ectoderm
  • Columnar epithelium above dentate line and stratified squamous epithelium below
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16
Q

Ischiorectal fossa

A
  • Rectum supported by levator ani
  • Transverse perineal fascia
  • Ischiorectal fossa filled with fat - lateral border is ischial tuberosity
  • Pudendal canal - contains pudendal nerve
  • Pudendal nerve can be affected by abscesses
17
Q

Which part of the duodenum is intraperitoneal?

A

Superior part

18
Q

Where does duodenum start

A

L1

19
Q

Relevance of duodenal papilla

A

Marks start of embryological mid-gut

20
Q

4 parts of duodenum

A
  • Descending: runs with IVC
  • Superior: on a mesentery, gastroduodenal artery behind (bleeds a lot)
  • Ascending: supported by ligament of Treitz - contraction closes duodenum
  • Horizontal: superior mesenteric A and V run over anterior surface
21
Q

SMA

A

SMA emerges superior to where L renal vein crosses abdominal aorta, will then continue to run anterior to horizontal duodenum

22
Q

Jejunum vs ileum

A
  • Jejunal loops are proximal and left of midline
  • Ileal loops are inferior right part of abdomen and pelvis
  • Jejunum = 4cm externally, internal diameter of 3cm
  • Ileum = 3cm externally, 2.5cm internally
  • Jejunum = more wall, less villi
  • Ileum: thin wall, more villi
  • Jejunum has 1-3 arterial arcades
  • Ileum has 2-6 arcades
  • Jejunum has fewer longer and thicker vasa recta
  • Ileum has more shorter and thinner vasa recta
  • Peyer’s patches - lymphoid tissue in luminal wall, cause bowel intussesception in kids
  • Jejunum has fewer peyer’s patches but they are distal
  • Ileum has more peyer’s patches but they are throughout its length
23
Q

COlon

A
  • Composed of appendix, caecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and anus
  • Most water redigested from chyme here
24
Q

Appendicitis

A

Pain in midline to RIF

25
Q

Diverticulosis

A

LIF pain

26
Q

What is R colic flexure protected by

A

Ribs 9 and 10

27
Q

Where is the transverse colon?

A

L3

28
Q

Where does sigmoid join with rectum

A

S3

29
Q

Innervation of internal anal sphincter

A

Autonomic

30
Q

Innervation of external anal sphincter

A

Somatic/voluntary

31
Q

Is the stomach intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

32
Q

Is the small intestine intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

33
Q

Is the caecum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

34
Q

Is the ascending colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

35
Q

Is the transverse colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

36
Q

Is the descending colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

37
Q

Is the sigmoid colon retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

38
Q

Is the rectum/anus intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

Sub-peritoneal

Gastrointestinal system (27 decks)

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