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Gastrointestinal system > Abdominal planes, regions and walls > Flashcards

Abdominal planes, regions and walls Flashcards

1
Q

Transpyloric plane

A

L1

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2
Q

Subcostal plane

A

10th costal cartilage

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3
Q

Transumbilical plane

A

L3/4

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4
Q

Interspinous plane

A

Line of iliac spines

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5
Q

Supra-cristal plane

A

L4

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6
Q

Trans-tuberculae plane

A

L5

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7
Q

Transpyloric plane

A
  • Midway between superior borders of manubrium of sternum and pubic symphysis at L1 vertebra - hands width below xiphisternum
  • Commonly transects pylorus, fundus of gallbladder, pancreatic neck, origins of superior mesenteric artery and hepatic portal vein, root of transverse colon, duodenojejunal junction and hila of kidneys
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8
Q

Tissue layers of abdominal wall

A
  • Skin
  • Subcutaneous tissue - Camper’s fascia (loose superficial fatty fascial layer) and Scarpa’s fascia (deep membranous fascial layer)
  • Deep fascia
  • External oblique and aponeurosis
  • Internal oblique and aponeurosis
  • Transverse abdominis and aponeurosis
  • Endoabdominal (transversalis) fascia
  • Extraperitoneal fat
  • Parietal peritoneum
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9
Q

Why do muscles run in different directions?

A

Strength and support

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10
Q

What is the tendinous intersection

A

Where muscles split into sections - rectus abdomens

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11
Q

Linea alba

A

Aponeurosis wraps around muscle and meets in midline

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12
Q

Above umbilicus

A
  • Rectus abdominis
  • Rectus sheath
  • Skin
  • Internal oblique + aponeurosis
  • External oblique aponeurosis
  • Subcutaneous tissue
  • External oblique
  • Internal oblique
  • Transversalis abdominis
  • Transversalis fascia
  • Parietalo peritoneum
  • Aponeurosis of transversus abdominis
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13
Q

Below umbilicus

A
  • Parietal peritoneum
  • Extraperitoneal fat
  • Transversalis fascia
  • Membranous layer
  • Fatty layer
  • Rectus sheath
  • Linea alba
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14
Q

Neurovascular contents

A
  • Superior and inferior epigastric vessels
  • Rectus sheath = neurovascular + fascias
  • External aponeurosis is free - from iliac spine to pubic tubercle
  • Aponeurosis from AIIS to pubic tuberlce is inguinal ligament
  • Inguinal hernia in inguinal ligament
  • Cutting open anterolateral abdominal wall = peritoneal folds - covers inferior epigastric vessels
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15
Q

Rectus sheath

A

Neurovascular bundle + fibres

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16
Q

Falciform ligament

A

from umbilicus to liver, encloses round ligament, remnant of umbilical vein and paraumbilical veins

17
Q

Umbilical peritoneal folds

A
  • Median umbilical fold: covers medial umbilical ligament (remnant of urachus)
  • Two medial umbilical folds: cover medial umbilical ligament which are occluded parts of umbilical arteries
  • Two lateral umbilical folds: covers inferior epigastric vessels
18
Q

Peritoneal fossa

A
  • Supravesical fossae: between median and medial umbilical folds
  • Lateral inguinal fossae: lateral to lateral umbilical folds, contain deep inguinal rings (common site for indirect hernia)
  • Medial inguinal fossa: bounded laterally by inferior epigastric vessels (lateral umbilical fold), medially by lateral edge of rectus abdominis and inferiorly by inguinal ligament
19
Q

Nerve supply of abdominal wall

A
  • Cutaneous from lower thoracic spinal nerves (T7-11)
  • Subcostal nerve from anterior ramus of T12
  • Terminal branches of anterior ramus of lumbar spinal nerve (L1): iliohypogastric and ilio-inguinal nerves
20
Q

Undescended testes

A

cryptorchidism and is normally unilateral, undescended testis is in inguinal canal

21
Q

External supravesical hernia

A

medial to site for direct inguinal hernia - iliohypogastric nerve is in danger of injury during repair

22
Q

Inguinal hernia

A

direct = acquired and indirect = congenital

23
Q

Pain in right hypochondriac region

A

Liver, gallbladder, r kidney, small intestine

24
Q

Pain in epigastric region

A

Stomach, liver, pancreas, duodenum, spleen, adrenal glands

25
Q

Pain in left hypochondriac region

A

Spleen, colon, l kidney, pancreas

26
Q

Pain in r lumbar region

A

Gallbladder, liver, r colon

27
Q

Pain in umbilical region

A

Umbilicus, small intestine, duodenum

28
Q

Pain in l lumbar region

A

Descending colon, l kidney

29
Q

Pain in right iliac region

A

Appendix, cecum

30
Q

Pain in hypogastric region

A

Bladder, sigmoid colon, reproductive organs

31
Q

Pain in left iliac region

A

Descending colon, sigmoid colon

Gastrointestinal system (27 decks)

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