Foodbourne illness and viral gastroenteritis

Question 1

Foodbourne illness

Answer 1

Falling ill after eating contaminated food

Question 2

Food poisoning

Answer 2

Rapid onset of illness after ingestion of bacterial toxin

Question 3

Gastroenteritis

Answer 3

Inflammation of stomach and intestines - diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea, fever and abdominal pain

Question 4

Bacillus cereus

Answer 4

Rice/pulses: enterotoxin ingested = rapid onset vomiting

Various foods: organisms ingested, enterotoxin produced in gut, diarrhoea

Question 5

Enteropathogenic

Answer 5

Watery diarrhoea

Question 6

Enterotoxigenic

Answer 6

Attaches to gut lumen and releases enterotoxin

Question 7

Listeria monocytogenes

Answer 7

• Baby: early onset, present as sepsis

- Pregnant women x10 more likely to be ill with listeria - predisposed to miscarriage and pre=term labour

Question 8

Norovirus

Answer 8

Naked virus, causes gastroenteritis

Question 9

Viral gastroenteritis

Answer 9

Virus can be naked or enveloped

Envelope makes virus weaker

Question 10

Rotavirus

Answer 10

Not enveloped, makes enterotoxin, vaccine against type A, decreases brush border enzymes

Question 11

Campylobacter jejune

Answer 11

• Campylobacter jejeuni is gram -ve rod and can be caught through chicken
• It can induce auto-immune reaction - Guillon-Barre syndrome and reactive arthritis
• Campylobacter and salmonella are most common causes of foodborne illness in UKCampylobacter has cytolethal distending toxin

Question 12

Baccilus cereus

Answer 12

<6 hrs, vomiting, rice, cereulide, spore forming

Question 13

Staph

Answer 13

3-6h, vomiting and watery diarrhoea, sliced meat, enterotoxin B, toxins are heat stable

Question 14

Clostridium botulinum

Answer 14

Botulism, home calling, stops ACh release, spore forming

Question 15

CLostridium perfringens

Answer 15

Water diarrhoea, 8-48 hours, meat, spore forming

Question 16

Norovirus

Answer 16

12-48 hours, chills, fever, malaise, shell-fish, no vaccine

Question 17

Vibrio

Answer 17

6-72h, rice water diarrhoea, sewage, cholera toxin,

Question 18

Shigella

Answer 18

24-48h, bloody diarrhoea, raw food, shiva-toxin, gram -ve

Question 19

Rotavirus

Answer 19

24-72h, watery diarrhoea, decreases brush border enzymes, kids

Question 20

E coli

Answer 20

Watery diarrhoea, meat, gram -ve with no spores

Question 21

Salmonella

Answer 21

Watery diarrhoea, eggs/poultry, gram -ve

Question 22

Campylobacter jejune

Answer 22

Diarrhoea, undercooked poultry, guillon barre

Question 23

Giardia

Answer 23

7-10 days, diarrhoea and fatty stool, protizia

Question 24

Cryptosporidium

Answer 24

7-10 days, diarrhoea, contaminated food, epithelial invesion, HIV

Question 25

Cyclospora

Answer 25

Diarrhoea, fresh herbs, HIB

Question 26

Hep A and E

Answer 26

hepatitis, shellfish, travellers

Question 27

Listeria monocytogenes

Answer 27

7-90 days, meningitis, unpasteurised dairy, pregnant