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Massage Therapy! > structure of human body > Flashcards

structure of human body Flashcards

week 2

1
Q

what are the 8 different body systems?

A
  1. nervous system
  2. respiratory system
  3. cardiovascular system
  4. digestive system
  5. muscular system
  6. skeletal system
  7. endocrine system
  8. immune system
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2
Q

nervous system

A
  • responsible for controlling and coordinating all body functions
  • brain, spinal cord, network of nerves
  • controls breathing and digestion to movement and sensation
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3
Q

respiratory system

A
  • takes in oxygen and removes CO2
  • comprises of lungs, trachea, bronchi and diaphragm
  • lungs exchange gases
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4
Q

cardiovascular system

A
  • circulating blood throughout the body
  • heart, blood vessels, blood
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5
Q

digestive system

A
  • breaks down food and absorbs nutrients
  • mouth, esophagus, stomach small large intestine and anus
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6
Q

muscular system

A
  • responsible for movement and stability
  • comprises of muscles and tendons that work together to move body
  • skeletal, smooth or cardiac
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7
Q

skeletal system

A
  • provides support and protection for body
  • bones, carliage and ligaments
  • structure and support
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8
Q

endocrine system

A
  • regulates hormones
  • glands that ssecrete and produce hormones
  • body functions as growth, metabolism and reproduction
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9
Q

immune system

A
  • defends body against foreign invaders like viruses and bacteria
  • WBC, lymph nodes, spleen
  • WBC identify and destroy foreign invaders
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10
Q

nervous system

A
  • most complex and vital systems in the human body
  • the nervous system is divided into two main parts: central and peripheral
  • controls and coordinates all bodily functions
  • receives info from the environment through senses and transmits to the brain to process
  • also responsible for regulating body temp, BP, blood glucose levels to keep body balanced
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11
Q

CNS

A
  • ## brain and spinal cord
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12
Q

brain

A
  • control center of NS
  • 3 parts: cerebrum (thinking, sensation, movement), cerebellum (balance and coordination), brainstem (essential body functions, breathing, HR, and BP)
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13
Q

PNS

A
  • 2 parts: somatic NS (voluntary movements) and autonomic NS (involuntary bodily functions: HR and digestion)
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14
Q

disorders of NS

A
  1. multiple sclerosis: chronic autoimmune disorder affects myelin sheath surround nerves in CNS, communication problems between brain and body
  2. alzheimers disease: degenerative disorder that affects brain, causes memory loss and cognitive decline
  3. parkinsons: degenerative disorder that affects brain, causes tremors stiffness and difficulty with movment.
  4. epilepsy: disorder charcterized by seizures which are cuased by abnormal elecrrical activity in brain
  5. stroke: when blood flow to brain is interrupted causing damage to brain tissue
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15
Q

the respiratory system

A
  • provide oxygen to body tissues for cellular respiration, remove waste co2, help maintain acid-base balance
  • also used for nonvital functions such as sensing odors and speech production and for straining (childbirth or coughing
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16
Q

what is the structure of respiratory system

A
  • divided to two parts: upper and lower respiratory tract
  • upper: nose, nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx
    lower: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli
17
Q

organization

A

trachea –> two bronchi leading to lungs –> lungs –> divided to lobes (surrounded by pleura) –> alveoli
- diaphragm (contracting and relaxing to expand and compress lungs)

18
Q

what is respiratory function?

A
  • exchange gases between body and environment
  • breathe in: o2 from air taking up by alveoli in lungs and transported to the bloodstream
  • co2 waste product of metabolism is removed through exhalation
  • regulates body pH balance by controlling the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled (bc its acidic)
19
Q

disorders of the respiratory system

A
  1. asthma: chronic respiratory disorder characterized by inflammation and narrowing of airways (difficulty breathing)
  2. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: progressive respiratory disorder includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema. charcterized by airflow limitation and difficulty breathing
  3. pneumonia: infection of lungs that bacteria, viruses or fungi can cause characterized by inflammation of lungs and can cause fever, cough and difficulty breathing
  4. lung cancer: malignant tumor that develops in lungs , caused by
20
Q

cardiovascular system (circulatory system)

A
  • circulates blood through body - heart , blood vessels and blood
21
Q

blood vessels

A
  • arteries: carry oxygenated blood AWAY from heart to body
  • veins carry deoxygenated blood vack to heart
  • capillaries: smallest, exchange gases, nutrients and waste products between blood and bodys tissues
  • transport blood throughout body
22
Q

blood

A
  • fluid that carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones and waste products throughout body
  • plasma, WBC, RBC and platlelets
23
Q

function of cardiovascular system

A
  • circulating blood throughout body
  • carries o2 and nutrients to bodys tissues and removes waste products like co2
  • regulates body temp, pH balance and fluid balance
24
Q

heart

A
  • 4 chambers: r&l atria and r&l ventricles
  • rights: pump deoxygenated blood to lungs for oxygenation, - lefts: pump oxygenated blood to rest of body
  • pumps blood through body by contacting and relaxing
    systole: contraction of heart
    diastole: relaxation of heart
  • BP: measures force of blood against walls of arteries during systole and diastole
25
Q

disorders of cardiovascular system

A
  1. hypertension: high blood pressure, can damage blood vessels and organs like heart, kidneys and brain
26
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD)

A
  • condition in which arteries that supply blood to heart become narrowed or blocked
  • chest pain, heart attacks and other cardiovascular problems
27
Q

heart failure

A
  • condition where heart cannot pump enough blood to meet bodys needs
  • fatigue, shortness of breath and other symptoms
28
Q

arrhythmias

A
  • condition where heart beats irregularly, too fast or too slow
  • leads to dizziness, fainting and other symptoms
29
Q

digestive system

A
  • responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients
  • mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus
30
Q

structure and roles of structure in digestive system

A

digestive tract —
mouth: breaks down food into smaller
esophagus: carries food to stomach
stomach: breaks down food further using acid or enzymes
small intestine: absorbs nutrients and large absorbs water
accessory organs –
liver: produces bile which breaks down fat in small intestine
pancreas: produces enzymes that help break down carbs, proteins and fats
gallbladder: stores and releases bile into small intestine

31
Q

function of digestive

A
  • break down food into nutrients body can use
32
Q

disorders of digestive

A
  1. gastroesophageal relux disease (GERD): stomach acid goes back into esophagus causing heartburn
  2. inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): chronic inflammatory conditions that affect digestive tract
  3. irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): common digestive disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating and changes in bowel habits
  4. peptic ulcers: sores that develop in lining of stomach or duodenum caused by infection wit hbacteria
33
Q

muscular system

A
  • movement and posture of human body
  • more than 600 muscles
34
Q

structure of muscular system

A
  1. skeletal muscles: attached to bones, responsible for voluntary movement, striated (striped), controlled by NS
  2. smooth muscles: in walls of internal organs and blood vessels, nonstriated and controlled by ANS, involuntary movments
  3. cardiac muscles: heart, pump blood, striated but involuntarily controlled by specialized cells
35
Q

function of muscular system

A
  1. skeletal muscles: contract and relax to move bones and joints, maintain posture and stability
  2. smooth muscles: involuntary movments, contraction of digestive, regulate BP and flow of blood
  3. cardiac: pump blood through the body
36
Q

disorders of muscular

A
  1. muscular dystrophy: group of inherited disorder characterized by progressive weakness and degernation in muscles
  2. myasthenia gravis: muscles become weak and fatigued due to breakdown in communication between nerves and muscles
  3. spasms and cramps: involuntary contractions caused by overuse, dehydration or electrolyte imbalances
  4. strains and sprains: injuries to muscles, tendons, ligaments by overstretching or tearing
37
Q
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37
Q
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Massage Therapy! (14 decks)

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