4 types of tissues

Question 1

zygote (fertilized egg)

Answer 1

• single cell formed by fusion of an egg and sperm
• after fertilization, the zygote gives rise to rapid mitotic cycles and generates many cells to form the embryo
• as cell proliferation progresses: 3 major cells lineages are established in embryo–>
• each lineage of embryonic cells forms the distrinct germ layers from which all tissues and organs of human body eventually form: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Question 2

totipotent

Answer 2

• first embryonic cells generated can differentiate into any cell in the body
• they can divide, differentiate and devlop into a new organism

Question 3

ectoderm

Answer 3

• gives rise to epidermis, glands on skin, cranial ones, pituitary and adrenal medulla, nervous system, mouth between cheeks and gums, anus
• skin cells, neurons, pigment cell

Question 4

mesoderm

Answer 4

• connective tissues proper bone, cartilage, blood, endothelium of blood vessels, muscle, synovial membranes, serous membranes lining body cavities, kidneys, lining of gonads
• cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, tubule cell of kidney, RBC, smooth muscle

Question 5

endoderm

Answer 5

• lining of airways and digestive system except the mouth and distal part of digestive system (rectum and anal gland); glands (digestive glands, endocrine glands and adrenal cortex)
• lung cell, thyroid cell, pancreatic cell

Question 6

tissue membrane

Answer 6

• thin layer or sheet of cells that covers the outside of the body (like skin), the organs (pericardium), internal passageways that lead to the exterior of the body (mucosa of the stomach), and lining of moveable joint cavities
• 2 types of tissue membranes: connective tissue and epithelial membranes

Question 7

mucous membrane

Answer 7

• line digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts
• coated with secretion so mucous glands
• a composite of connective and epithelial tissues
• lines body cavities and hollow passageways that open to the external environment
  mucus: produced by the epithelial exocrine gland and covers the epithelial layer
• lamina propria: underlying connective tissue helps support fragile epithelial layer

Question 8

serous membranes

Answer 8

• line body cavities closed to the exterior of the body
• peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities
• composed of mesodermally derived epithelium called mesothelium
• line coelomic cavities of body that don’t open to the outside
• essential membranous bats with mesothelium lining inside and connective tissue on the outside
• serous fluid secretes by cells of thin squamous mesothelium lubricates membrane and reduces abrasion and friction between organs
• identified accordign to locations: 3 in thoracic cavity: 2 pleura cover lungs, pericardium that covers heart

Question 9

cutaneous membrane

Answer 9

• skin!
• covers the body surface
• stratified squamous epithelial membrane
• the apical surface of this membrane is exposed to the external environment is covered with dead, keratinized cells that help protect the body from desiccation and pathogens

Question 10

synovial membrane

Answer 10

• lines joint cavities and produce fluid within the joint
• type of connective tissue
  EX: surround shoulder, elbow and knee joints
  –> fibroblasts in inner layer of the synovial membrane release hyaluronan into joint cavity
• effectively traps available water to form synovial fluid, natural lubricant that enables joint bones to move freely against one another without much friction
• like all body fluids, this synovial fluid readily exchanges water and nutrients with blood

Question 11

connective tissue membrane

Answer 11

• formed solely from connective tissue
• encapsulate organs, like kidneys, line our moveable joints

Question 12

epithelial membrane

Answer 12

• compromises epithelium attached to a layer of connective tissue (like your skin)