Intro to Anat and Phys

Question 1

define anatomy

Answer 1

scientific study of body’s structures

Question 2

regional anatomy

Answer 2

study of interrelationships of all the structures in a specific body region

Question 3

Systemic anatomy

Answer 3

study of structures that make up a discrete body system
- work together to perform unique function

Question 4

physiology

Answer 4

study of FUNCTION, ways the structures of the body work together to support functions of life

Question 5

homeostasis

Answer 5

state of steady internal conditions

Question 6

what is the lineup of structural organization?

Answer 6

chemical level –> cellular level –> tissue level –> organ level –> organ system level –> organismal level

Question 7

atoms

Answer 7

smallest unit
- made up of protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 8

molecule

Answer 8

2+ atoms
chemical building blocks of all body structures
ex: water, proteins and sugars

Question 9

cell

Answer 9

smallest independently functioning unit of living organism

Question 10

organelles

Answer 10

tiny functioning units

Question 11

tissues

Answer 11

group of many similar cells that work together to perform a specific function

Question 12

organ

Answer 12

anatomicaly distinct structure composed of 2+ tissue types

Question 13

organism

Answer 13

living being that has a cellular structure that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life

Question 14

integumentary system

Answer 14

• largest organ system
• includes skin and hair and nails

Question 15

anabolism

Answer 15

simpler molecules are combined into larger more complex ones
- body assembles (by using energy) the complex chemicals in needs by combining small molecules

Question 16

catabolism

Answer 16

larger more complex substances are broken down into smaller simpler molecules
- releases energy
-

Question 17

ATP

Answer 17

stores and releases energy

Question 18

endergonic vs exergonic

Answer 18

endergonic: absorbs energy
exergonic: releases energy

Question 19

Nutrient

Answer 19

substance in food and bevs essential to survival
- 3 basic classes: water, energy-yielding and body-building, and micronutrients

Question 20

what temp does the body have to be at?

Answer 20

98.6 degrees F or 37 degrees C

Question 21

what happens if temp is too much above or below?

Answer 21

certain proteins (enzymes) that facilitate chemical reactions lose their normal structure and abililty to function and chem reactions can’t proceed

Question 22

what is pressure?

Answer 22

force exerted by a substance that is in contact with another substance

Question 23

what is atmospheric pressure?

Answer 23

pressure exerted by mixture of gases (n2 and o2) in the earths atmosphere

Question 24

Negative Feedback

Answer 24

mechanism that reverses a deviation from the set point

Question 25

sensor (or receptor)

Answer 25

component of negative feedback loop that monitors a physiological value and reports to control center

Question 26

Control center

Answer 26

component that compares value to noirmal range. if its too deviated, it activates the effector

Question 27

effector

Answer 27

causes a change to reverse the situation and return value to normal range

Question 28

what happens in body when bodys temp exeeds normal range?

Answer 28

• activates the heat-loss center
• blood vessels dilate to allow more blood to flow to the surface
• sweat glands are activated
• depth of respiration increases

Question 29

what happens when body is cold?

Answer 29

• activates heat-gain center
• reduces blood flow to the skin
• shivering
• thyroid gland triggered to release thyroid hormone

Question 30

what is positive feedback?

Answer 30

intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition rather than reversing it
- if theres a deviation from normal it will move farther away

Question 31

prone

Answer 31

face down

Question 32

supine

Answer 32

face up

Question 33

serous membrane

Answer 33

one of the thin membranes that cover the walls and organs in th throacic and abdominopelvic cavitites

Question 34

pleura

Answer 34

serous membrance that encloses pleural cavity (lungs)

Question 35

peicardium

Answer 35

serous membrane around the heart

Question 36

peritoneum

Answer 36

serous membrane around the peritoneal cavity. organs in the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 37

Amoebas

Answer 37

do everything in the same one cell

Question 38

Nervous tissue

Answer 38

control and communication

Question 39

Muscle tissue

Answer 39

movement
- skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 40

epithelial tissues

Answer 40

cover and protect the body

Question 41

connective tissues

Answer 41

provide support