Intro to Anat and Phys Flashcards
define anatomy
scientific study of body’s structures
regional anatomy
study of interrelationships of all the structures in a specific body region
Systemic anatomy
study of structures that make up a discrete body system
- work together to perform unique function
physiology
study of FUNCTION, ways the structures of the body work together to support functions of life
homeostasis
state of steady internal conditions
what is the lineup of structural organization?
chemical level –> cellular level –> tissue level –> organ level –> organ system level –> organismal level
atoms
smallest unit
- made up of protons, neutrons, electrons
molecule
2+ atoms
chemical building blocks of all body structures
ex: water, proteins and sugars
cell
smallest independently functioning unit of living organism
organelles
tiny functioning units
tissues
group of many similar cells that work together to perform a specific function
organ
anatomicaly distinct structure composed of 2+ tissue types
organism
living being that has a cellular structure that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life
integumentary system
- largest organ system
- includes skin and hair and nails
anabolism
simpler molecules are combined into larger more complex ones
- body assembles (by using energy) the complex chemicals in needs by combining small molecules
catabolism
larger more complex substances are broken down into smaller simpler molecules
- releases energy
-
ATP
stores and releases energy
endergonic vs exergonic
endergonic: absorbs energy
exergonic: releases energy
Nutrient
substance in food and bevs essential to survival
- 3 basic classes: water, energy-yielding and body-building, and micronutrients
what temp does the body have to be at?
98.6 degrees F or 37 degrees C
what happens if temp is too much above or below?
certain proteins (enzymes) that facilitate chemical reactions lose their normal structure and abililty to function and chem reactions can’t proceed
what is pressure?
force exerted by a substance that is in contact with another substance
what is atmospheric pressure?
pressure exerted by mixture of gases (n2 and o2) in the earths atmosphere
Negative Feedback
mechanism that reverses a deviation from the set point
sensor (or receptor)
component of negative feedback loop that monitors a physiological value and reports to control center
Control center
component that compares value to noirmal range. if its too deviated, it activates the effector
effector
causes a change to reverse the situation and return value to normal range
what happens in body when bodys temp exeeds normal range?
- activates the heat-loss center
- blood vessels dilate to allow more blood to flow to the surface
- sweat glands are activated
- depth of respiration increases
what happens when body is cold?
- activates heat-gain center
- reduces blood flow to the skin
- shivering
- thyroid gland triggered to release thyroid hormone
what is positive feedback?
intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition rather than reversing it
- if theres a deviation from normal it will move farther away
prone
face down
supine
face up
serous membrane
one of the thin membranes that cover the walls and organs in th throacic and abdominopelvic cavitites
pleura
serous membrance that encloses pleural cavity (lungs)
peicardium
serous membrane around the heart
peritoneum
serous membrane around the peritoneal cavity. organs in the abdominopelvic cavity
Amoebas
do everything in the same one cell
Nervous tissue
control and communication
Muscle tissue
movement
- skeletal, cardiac, smooth
epithelial tissues
cover and protect the body
connective tissues
provide support
