Structure of abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

four diaphragm primordia and what they form

A

septum transversum: most of central tendon. Mesentery of esophagus: muscular crura and middle central tendon. Pleuroperitoneal membranes: part of central tendon. Body wall: muscle

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2
Q

structures perforating diaphragm and at what levels

A

T8: vena cava, T10: esophagus, T12: aortic hiatus (aorta, thoracic duct, azygos vein)

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3
Q

three types of diaphragmatic hernia

A

congenital: failure of pleuropeitoneal membranes to fuse (posterolataral defect with abdominal organs in thorax). Sliding hiatal: is most common. GE
junction is displaced ^; “hourglass stomach.”. Paraesophageal hernia—GE junction is normal.
Fundus protrudes into the thorax.

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4
Q

omphalocele vs gastroschisis

A

midgut fails to return from umbilical cord (covered by peritoneum). Failure of left and right somatopleure to fuse, abdominal contents extrude thru folds (not covered by peritoneum)

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5
Q

nine regions of abdomen

A

Epigastric, umbilical, suprapubic flanked by L and R hypochondriac, lumbar, inguinal

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6
Q

what primordial tissue do the organs develop from

A

splanchnopleure. Parenchyma (epithelium of GI tract) from endoderm and stroma (SM, CT, vasculature, visceral peritoneum) from lateral plate mesoderm

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7
Q

3 branches of celiac trunk

A

splenic, L gastric, common hepatic (then divides into hepatic proper and gastroduodenal). All give blood supply to foregut.

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8
Q

Branches of S Mesenteric

A

ileocolic, R colic, Middle colic, intestinal branches All give blood supply to midgut.

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9
Q

branches of I mesenteric

A

L colic, sigmoid branches, S rectal. All give blood supply to hindgut

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10
Q

define: arcade, vasa recta, marginal artery

A

looping anastomoses. Go straight to intestine from arcades. Follow contour of colon

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11
Q

parasympathetic path to gut

A

foregut and midgut: vagus. Hindgut: pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2,3,4). Presynaptics synapse in Myenteric (auerbach’s) plexus for SM and submucosal (meissner’s) plexus for glandular secretion and muscularis mucosase

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12
Q

path of sympathetics

A

thoracic (abdominal) and lumbar (pelvic) splanchnics synapse on collateral (prevertebral) ganglia and innervate arteries and adrenal glands

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13
Q

spinal cord segments for visceral sensory of: heart, stomach, appendix, left colic flexure to sigmoid colon

A

T1, T7-T9, T10, L1-L5

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14
Q

somatic pain, visceral pain, referred pain.

A

intense sensation carried by general sensory neurons in body wall. Mostly dull sensation carried by visceral sensory neurons in organs (except: stones, appendicitis, spasm, ulcers). Originates in one location and felt in another supplied by same spinal segment (peritonitis under diaphragm felt in C3,4,5 dermatomes of shoulder)

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15
Q

four lobes of liver

A

left, right, caudate, quadrate

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16
Q

portal triad

A

in the “cross bar” of the H on underside of liver. Consists of Bile duct, hepatic artery, portal vein

17
Q

portal-caval anastomoses and associated signs of portal HTN

A

Left gastric veins (esophageal varices), para umbilical veins (caput medussa), superior rectal veins (hemorrhoids)

18
Q

describe formation of pancreas

A

ventral bud swings around to form head and uncinate process with main duct. dorsal bud becomes body and tail and isthmus and accessory duct

19
Q

two abnormal pancreas formation conditions

A

annular pancreas, pancreas divisum