Structure/function of respiratory system

Question 1

what is the role of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

intake of oxygen from the air to the body and removal of co2 from the body to the air

Question 2

what does the respiratory system consist of?

Answer 2

lungs and respiratory muscles (diaphragm and internal intercostals)

Question 3

what other system does the respiratory system work with?

Answer 3

the CV system

Question 4

o2 is vital for the body to perform what?

Answer 4

daily functions and is essential for aerobic energy production and muscle work

Question 5

location of the lungs?

Answer 5

right/left lung located in thorax. positioned either side of rib cage so have protection. diaphragm separates thorax from abdomen.

Question 6

what is the position of the heart?

Answer 6

between lungs (slightly left of centre) posterior to rib cage

Question 7

what is the function of the lungs?

Answer 7

they take 02 from air to body and remove c02

Question 8

gas inhaled percentages?

Answer 8

79% nitrogen
21% oxygen
less than 1% co2
0.001% trace gases

Question 9

what are the 2 breathing stimulus mechanisms?

Answer 9

1) increased level of CO2 in blood

2) stretch receptors in respiratory muscles being stretched

Question 10

describe the passage of air through respiratory tract:

Answer 10

nose and mouth-pharynx(throat)-larynx(voice box)-trachea-primary bronchi(left and right)-alveoli

Question 11

what are the main muscles used in breathing?

Answer 11

diafragm and internal/external intercostals.

Question 12

main phases of breathing?

Answer 12

inspiration and expiriation

Question 13

describe what happens during inspiration.

Answer 13

diafragm contracts, external intercostals contract and rib cage raises. these actions increase chest cavity volume creating negative pressure between air and lungs(vacuum). this negative pressure sucks air into lungs until pressure is balanced

Question 14

describe what happens during expiration

Answer 14

diafragm relaxes and rises upwards, internal intercostals relax so chest cavity volume falls. creates positive pressure ‘pushing’ air out of the lungs

Question 15

describe what happens in exercise

Answer 15

breathing is more vigorous. internal intercostals more active. during expiration they contract forcing ribs down and moves air out of the lungs

Question 16

what are the 3 types of breathing patterns?

Answer 16

1) costal
2) diaphragmatic
3) lateral/thoracic

Question 17

what is costal breathing?

Answer 17

-shallow pattern through chest
-contraction of external intercostals muscles
usually associated with sedentary lifestyle because diagram has less space to move

Question 18

what is diaphragmatic breathing?

Answer 18

• deeper method
• abdomen encouraged to rise and fall
• contraction and lowering of diafragm
• promoted in yoga to assist relaxion

Question 19

what is lateral/thoracic breathing ?

Answer 19

• encourages sides and back of rib cage to expand during inhalation to minimise expansion of ribcage and use of lower legs
• engages abdominals while exercises
• very efficient

Question 20

describe what happens at the lungs and CV system?

Answer 20

• 02 in alveoli diffuse into bloodstream, travels to heart and circulated around body
• co2 transported from body via blood, diffuses into alveoli and removed expiration

Question 21

describe what happens in the body and CV system?

Answer 21

• o2 in blood diffuses into mitochondria (cells) for aerobic energy production
• co2 from cells diffuse into blood, circulated back to heat and then onto the lungs for removal in expiration

Question 22

definition. of diffusion

Answer 22

movement of a gas from an area of high partial pressure to that of a low.

Question 23

describe diffusion

Answer 23

• concentration of 02 less from mouth to lungs so gas flows in this direction, co2 flows in opposite direction.
• when 02 gets to alveoli it continues to follow this contraction gradient and diffuse into bloodstream
• alveoli have minute capilleries running over/around them
• alveolar/capillery walls are so thin so gasses go through them

Question 24

what is the role of haemoglobin and what does it do for the respiratory and CV system?

Answer 24

• it is the protein in ref blood cells that carries 02,co2 etc in blood.
• the 02 combines with haemoglobin, at the same time co2 dissociates and diffuses into the blood into alveoli in lungs to be removed

Question 25

what happens in the body and circulatory system? 2parts

Answer 25

1) o2 in blood from heart diffuses into cells (mitochondria) for aerobic energy production
2) co2 from the cells diffuse into blood and is circulated back to heart and then onto lungs for removal in expiration

Question 26

what does spirometry measure?

Answer 26

study of lung function

-affected by age, gender,size,physique

Question 27

tidal volume=

Answer 27

amount of air inhaled/exhaled in 1 breathe

Question 28

minute ventilation=

Answer 28

amount of air inhaled, exhaled in 1 min

Question 29

breathing rate=

Answer 29

no. of breaths per min

Question 30

short term effects of exercise on respiratory system=

Answer 30

during exercise TV(tidal volume) increases so more air inhaled/exhaled =higher breathing rate

Question 31

long term effects of exercise on respiratory system=

Answer 31

• capillery beds surrounding alveoli increase (more gaseous exchange)
• stronger respiratory muscles
• no change to lungs

Question 32

average BR for adults=

Answer 32

12-18bpm