Muscular system

Question 1

how many bones in the body and what proportion of body weight?

Answer 1

206, and around 60%body weight

Question 2

….. and …. of muscles caused by nervous system that creates movement

Answer 2

contraction/relaxion

Question 3

what are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

Answer 3

1) smooth muscle (eg digestive system)
2) cardiac (the heart)
3) skeletal (hamstrings, quads etc)

Question 4

function of smooth muscle?

Answer 4

it is involuntary.

used to maintain internal body environment

Question 5

function of cardiac muscle?

Answer 5

continuous work; pumps blood around the body and is not under conscious control.
(heart contraction controlled by SAN = authorhymiticity)

Question 6

function of skeletal muscle?

Answer 6

pulled upon when connected to bones to create movement in the body

Question 7

muscle has 4 features, what are they?

Answer 7

1) contractibility
2) extensibility
3) elasticity
4) excitability (response to stimuli from nervous system)

Question 8

what is the structure of skeletal muscle?

Answer 8

70%water
23%protein(actin,myosin)
7%minerals

Question 9

skeletal muscle is made by many bundles of fibres of connective tissue (epimysium), which covers whole muscle (fascia) true or false

Answer 9

true

Question 10

name for individual muscle fibres

Answer 10

fasciuli

Question 11

what are individual muscle fibres wrapped in?

Answer 11

wrapped in perimysium (connective tissue) and each single fibre within bundle wrapped in endomysium

Question 12

actin and myosin are smaller what?

Answer 12

myofibrils

Question 13

what does the tendon attach to ?

Answer 13

perisoteum

Question 14

explain sliding filament theory

Answer 14

myosin, actin filaments slide over each other creating a shortening of the sacrometers and the whole muscle

Question 15

what are the 2 types of muscle fibre?

Answer 15

1) slow twitch (slow to contract, slow to fatigue) good for endurance events
2) fast twitch (fast contraction, fast fatigue) good for sprints and 1RM

Question 16

name 2 muscle fibre considerations

Answer 16

1) % of five types determined by genetics/hereditary

2) proportion of slow/fast twitch fibres dependant on role of muscle

Question 17

training methods needed to improve muscle fibres:(there are 3)

Answer 17

1) fast twitch-intense exercise producing anaerobic metabolism increase muscle strength= greater size of fast twitch fibres
2) slow twitch-moderate intensity aerobic exercises increase vascularity of muscle=increase aerobic capacity of muscle
3) intermediate fibres-*fast and slow fibres cannot be converted into each other. these fibres adapt to the training methods used.

Question 18

what do muscles do to create movement?

Answer 18

work in pairs to pull bone (1 will pull bone other relaxes)

Question 19

definition of insertion

Answer 19

end of muscle attached to a fixed bone(s). doesn’t move in contraction. PROXIMAL attachment. muscles have more than 1 origin!

Question 20

definition of insertion

Answer 20

end of muscle attached to bone that moves during contraction. DISTAL attachment. muscles have 1 insertion

Question 21

what are the types of muscle contraction? 4

Answer 21

1) isotonic has 2 parts:1)concentric=muscle generated force and shortens, 2)eccentric=muscle generates force and lengthens
2) isometric=muscle generates force and stays same length
3) isokinetic=muscle actions involve movement at a constant speed
4) stretching=muscle lengthens/relaxes

Question 22

agonist definition

Answer 22

prime mover, muscle contraction causes movement

Question 23

antagonist definition

Answer 23

opposing muscle to agonist that relaxes

Question 24

synergist definition

Answer 24

muscles that contract to assist or modify movement of prime mover

Question 25

fixator definition

Answer 25

muscle that contracts to stabilise the part of the body that needs to stay fixed

Question 26

function of pelvic floor muscles

Answer 26

1) support for pelvic organs (bladder and intestines)

2) maintenance of facilitation of birthing process