Energy systems Flashcards
….. comes from the beakdown of …. it is the only …… in the body that is recognised and used
energy, ATP, fuel
chemical makeup of ATP and explain how it releases energy
Adenosine triphosphate (1 adenosine and 3 phosphate molecules) -releases energy when 1 of its high energy bonds (phosphate) breaks,converted to ADP
is there limited supply of ATP in body?
yes, lasts 1-2secs. once used needs to remade
explain resynthesis of ATP
resynthesis comes from beakdown of phosphocreatine or breakdown of certain nutrients(carbs,fats,proteins)
how many ways is ATP made?
3 energy systems
1) PC system
2) lactate system
3) aerobic system
explain PC system
uses chemical energy to make ATP
- does not need 02,fats or carbs
- ATP can almost immediately be regenerated using creatin phosphate`
formula for PC system using creatin phosphate
ADP + creatin phosphate = ATP + energy
…… broken down by creatin kinase (PC system) and yield?
creatin phospahe and 1 ATP molecule yeild
why is PC system fast?
due to limited storage of creatin phosphate in muscle fibres
what percentage of CP and ATP in muscles and how long does it last and how long for full replensihment
50% stores, replenished after 30secs, full recovery after 5 mins of rest
explain lactate system
uses glycogen stored in muscles to make energy/ ATP
- glycogen broken into glucose without 02, ATP produced along with lactic acid
- used for high intensity exercise lasting up to 3 mins 400m sprint
what does the lactate system provide energy for ? 2 types
1) near maximal exercise lasts longer than PC stores provide (longer tha 10sces)
2) intensity during aerobic activity demands higher energy than aerobic system can provide
conversion of glucose to lactic acid is….
constant, only an issue when the acid builds up (if rate of build up greater than removal; muscles and CV system sruglle with dispention so activity ceases aka OBLA)
what is OBLA and symptoms
onset blood lactate accumulation!
-laboured breathing, heavy limbs, the “burn” in limbs
what recover should be used to lactate system?
ACTIVE , static will not disperse lactic acid before next session/ interval
describe glucose resynthsis of ATP
- glycogen (broken down during glycolysis)
- glucose
- 2 ATP’s released
- pyruvic acid produced (if no 02 lactic acid is made and released into blood stream)
explain the aerobic system?
ATP resysnthised from complete breakdown of carbs, fats, protein in presence of 02
- fats/carbs are 2 main macronutrients that supply blood with ATP in aerobic metabolism
- if body at rest/exercise aerobically carbs and fats needed in varied proportions
what does the ATP system produce?
ATP, co2, H20, heat from beakdown of fats/carbs.
-waste products easily removed from body; CO2 delivered to lungs in blood , water removed by sweat
what does the breakdown of 1 glucose and fat molecule give off in aerobic system ?
1 glucose=36moles of ATP (263kcal)
1fat=460moles of ATP
what does the breakdown of 1 glucose and fat molecule give off in aerobic system ?
1 glucose=36moles of ATP (263kcal)
1fat=460moles of ATP
why are carbs preferred for energy release?
it releases energy faster and less energy per molecule
definition of o2 uptake
use of o2 by cells
when the body at rest , what is resting VO2 amount
3.5ml/kg/min `
what is the value of 02 uptake called=
MET (one metabolic equaivalent), so activities categorised into light,moderate,strenous activity
best way to measure fitness levels?
VO2 max test
where do all 3 energy systems take place?
they all take place at a cellular level but in different parts of the cell
where does aerobic system take place?
mitochondria ( if there is more/larger mitochondria there is greater ATP potential)
where does anaerobic/PC system take place?
muscle cells (outside mitochondria)
eg of CP system exercise=
golf swing
eg of lactate system exercise=
400m sprint
eg of aeoribic system exercise=
marathon
what did Davis,Himmot and Auty 1986 state=
in 5000m race, 1st 10secs use CP system. next 20-30secs transition to lactate system and lasts from 30secs-2mins. between 2-5mins this transitions to aerobic system (from 5min+). final sprint combines aerobic and lactate systems
what is the energy continuum?
is a graph so show interconnection between all energy systems because we don’t solely depend on 1, the exercise intensity determines the dominant system used
aerobic adaptions due to exercise (energy system)
- more red blood cells
- greater efficiency in heart/lungs
- stronger cardiac muscle
- higher SV
- lower resting/working HR
- greater capillerisation at muscles
- more mitochondira (and bigger)
- greater 02 uptake
- greater use of 02 at muscles
- more efficient gaseous exchange at lungs and muscles
anaerobic adaptions due yo exercise (energy system)
- more creatin phosphate stores in muscles
- higher glycogen storage capacity
- increased size/diameter of muscle fibres
- stronger muscle contractions
- higher resistance to lactic acid
- better lactic acid removal at muscles
- faster recovery following exercise
