Energy systems

Question 1

….. comes from the beakdown of …. it is the only …… in the body that is recognised and used

Answer 1

energy, ATP, fuel

Question 2

chemical makeup of ATP and explain how it releases energy

Answer 2

Adenosine triphosphate (1 adenosine and 3 phosphate molecules)
-releases energy when 1 of its high energy bonds (phosphate) breaks,converted to ADP

Question 3

is there limited supply of ATP in body?

Answer 3

yes, lasts 1-2secs. once used needs to remade

Question 4

explain resynthesis of ATP

Answer 4

resynthesis comes from beakdown of phosphocreatine or breakdown of certain nutrients(carbs,fats,proteins)

Question 5

how many ways is ATP made?

Answer 5

3 energy systems

1) PC system
2) lactate system
3) aerobic system

Question 6

explain PC system

Answer 6

uses chemical energy to make ATP

• does not need 02,fats or carbs
• ATP can almost immediately be regenerated using creatin phosphate`

Question 7

formula for PC system using creatin phosphate

Answer 7

ADP + creatin phosphate = ATP + energy

Question 8

…… broken down by creatin kinase (PC system) and yield?

Answer 8

creatin phospahe and 1 ATP molecule yeild

Question 9

why is PC system fast?

Answer 9

due to limited storage of creatin phosphate in muscle fibres

Question 10

what percentage of CP and ATP in muscles and how long does it last and how long for full replensihment

Answer 10

50% stores, replenished after 30secs, full recovery after 5 mins of rest

Question 11

explain lactate system

Answer 11

uses glycogen stored in muscles to make energy/ ATP

• glycogen broken into glucose without 02, ATP produced along with lactic acid
• used for high intensity exercise lasting up to 3 mins 400m sprint

Question 12

what does the lactate system provide energy for ? 2 types

Answer 12

1) near maximal exercise lasts longer than PC stores provide (longer tha 10sces)
2) intensity during aerobic activity demands higher energy than aerobic system can provide

Question 13

conversion of glucose to lactic acid is….

Answer 13

constant, only an issue when the acid builds up (if rate of build up greater than removal; muscles and CV system sruglle with dispention so activity ceases aka OBLA)

Question 14

what is OBLA and symptoms

Answer 14

onset blood lactate accumulation!

-laboured breathing, heavy limbs, the “burn” in limbs

Question 15

what recover should be used to lactate system?

Answer 15

ACTIVE , static will not disperse lactic acid before next session/ interval

Question 16

describe glucose resynthsis of ATP

Answer 16

• glycogen (broken down during glycolysis)
• glucose
• 2 ATP’s released
• pyruvic acid produced (if no 02 lactic acid is made and released into blood stream)

Question 17

explain the aerobic system?

Answer 17

ATP resysnthised from complete breakdown of carbs, fats, protein in presence of 02

• fats/carbs are 2 main macronutrients that supply blood with ATP in aerobic metabolism
• if body at rest/exercise aerobically carbs and fats needed in varied proportions

Question 18

what does the ATP system produce?

Answer 18

ATP, co2, H20, heat from beakdown of fats/carbs.

-waste products easily removed from body; CO2 delivered to lungs in blood , water removed by sweat

Question 19

what does the breakdown of 1 glucose and fat molecule give off in aerobic system ?

Answer 19

1 glucose=36moles of ATP (263kcal)

1fat=460moles of ATP

Question 20

what does the breakdown of 1 glucose and fat molecule give off in aerobic system ?

Answer 20

1 glucose=36moles of ATP (263kcal)

1fat=460moles of ATP

Question 21

why are carbs preferred for energy release?

Answer 21

it releases energy faster and less energy per molecule

Question 22

definition of o2 uptake

Answer 22

use of o2 by cells

Question 23

when the body at rest , what is resting VO2 amount

Answer 23

3.5ml/kg/min `

Question 24

what is the value of 02 uptake called=

Answer 24

MET (one metabolic equaivalent), so activities categorised into light,moderate,strenous activity

Question 25

best way to measure fitness levels?

Answer 25

VO2 max test

Question 26

where do all 3 energy systems take place?

Answer 26

they all take place at a cellular level but in different parts of the cell

Question 27

where does aerobic system take place?

Answer 27

mitochondria ( if there is more/larger mitochondria there is greater ATP potential)

Question 28

where does anaerobic/PC system take place?

Answer 28

muscle cells (outside mitochondria)

Question 29

eg of CP system exercise=

Answer 29

golf swing

Question 30

eg of lactate system exercise=

Answer 30

400m sprint

Question 31

eg of aeoribic system exercise=

Answer 31

marathon

Question 32

what did Davis,Himmot and Auty 1986 state=

Answer 32

in 5000m race, 1st 10secs use CP system. next 20-30secs transition to lactate system and lasts from 30secs-2mins. between 2-5mins this transitions to aerobic system (from 5min+). final sprint combines aerobic and lactate systems

Question 33

what is the energy continuum?

Answer 33

is a graph so show interconnection between all energy systems because we don’t solely depend on 1, the exercise intensity determines the dominant system used

Question 34

aerobic adaptions due to exercise (energy system)

Answer 34

• more red blood cells
• greater efficiency in heart/lungs
• stronger cardiac muscle
• higher SV
• lower resting/working HR
• greater capillerisation at muscles
• more mitochondira (and bigger)
• greater 02 uptake
• greater use of 02 at muscles
• more efficient gaseous exchange at lungs and muscles

Question 35

anaerobic adaptions due yo exercise (energy system)

Answer 35

• more creatin phosphate stores in muscles
• higher glycogen storage capacity
• increased size/diameter of muscle fibres
• stronger muscle contractions
• higher resistance to lactic acid
• better lactic acid removal at muscles
• faster recovery following exercise