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Endo Exam 2 > Structure and Compartmentation - Pelvis and Perineum I > Flashcards

Structure and Compartmentation - Pelvis and Perineum I Flashcards

1
Q

pelvis

A

aka os coxa

-fusion of 3 bones

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2
Q

ilium

A

broad ala
articulates with sacrum (body)

forms upper 2/5 acetabulum

also ligament attachment to lumbar vertebrae

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3
Q

ischium

A

has superior and inferior rami - articulate with pubis and help form obturator foramen

posteroinferior 2/5 of acetabulum

rami articulate with pubis

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4
Q

pubis

A

consists of a short body
-with superior and inferior rami

superior rami - forms anterior 1/5 of acetabulum

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5
Q

pubic symphysis

A

fibrocartilage connecting two pubic bones

only site of movement in pelvis especially during pregnancy

thicker in females**
-responsive to hormonal changes during pregnancy

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6
Q

sacroiliac joints

A

left and right

synovial joint between sacrum and ilium

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7
Q

reinforcement of SI joint?

A

anterior, posterior, and interosseous sacroiliac ligaments

additional reinforcement - sacrotuberous ligament

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8
Q

sacrotuberous ligament

A

sacrum to ischial tuberosity

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9
Q

sacrospinous ligament

A

sacrum/coccyx to ischial spine

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10
Q

movement of SI joint

A

gliding, but can be rotatory

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11
Q

iliac fossa

A

interior surface of ilium

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12
Q

terminal line

A

superior aperture of pelvic inlet
-along iliopubic eminence to base of sacrum

divides to false pelvis (above) and true pelvis (below)

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13
Q

pelvic inlet

A

plane of terminal line superior

-pubic symphysis to sacral promontory

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14
Q

pelvic outlet

A

irregular lower border of pelvis

-pubic symphysis to coccyx

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15
Q

major pelvis

A

false pelvis

-above line

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16
Q

minor pelvis

A

true pelvis

-below line

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17
Q

normal erect position

A

pelvis tipped at 50-60 degrees from horizontal

base of sacrum 4” higher than symphysis

ASIS and symphysis pubis lie in same vertical plane

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18
Q

sexual dimorphism of pelvis

A

female has:

  • shallower major pelvis
  • shallower wider minor pelvis
  • everted sciatic tubers
  • broader sacrum with less curve
  • superior aperture more oval
  • subpubic angle greater
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19
Q

diameters of pelvis?

A

transverse
oblique
diagonal conjugate
true conjugate

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20
Q

4 types of pelvis

A

android
anthropoid
gynecoid
platypelloid

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21
Q

android pelvis

A

most common male

heart shaped inlet

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22
Q

anthropoid pelvis

A

2nd most common male

exaggerated anterior/posterior inlet

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23
Q

gynecoid pelvis

A

most common female

oval shaped pelvic inlet

24
Q

platypelloid

A

least common both sexes

exaggerated transverse inlet diameter

25
Q

diameters of superior aperture

A

true conjugate
diagonal conjugate
transverse
oblique

26
Q

diameters of inferior aperture

A

transverse
anterior sagittal
posterior sagittal

27
Q

true conjugate diameter

A

SV angle to superior margin of symphysis

28
Q

diagonal conjugate diameter

A

SV angle to inferior margin of symphysis

29
Q

transverse diameter of superior aperture

A

greatest width

30
Q

oblique diameter

A

SI articulation to iliopectineal eminence of other side

31
Q

transverse diameter of inferior aperture

A

inner surface of ischial tuberosities

32
Q

anterior sagittal diameter

A

transverse diameter to symphysis

33
Q

posterior sagittal diameter

A

transverse diameter to sacro/coccyx junction

34
Q

obturator internus attachments

A

origin - inner surface of obturator membrane and bony rim

insertion - greater trochanter of femur

leaves pelvis as tendon through lesser sciatic notch

covered by fascia - obturator fascia - from which levator ani muscles arise

35
Q

innervation of obturator internus

A

nerve to obturator internus

36
Q

action of obturator internus

A

external rotation of thigh

37
Q

piriformis attachments

A

O: sacrum

I: greater trochanter of femur

leaves pelvis through greater sciatic foramen

38
Q

innervation of piriformis

A

S1,S2 ventral rami

39
Q

action of piriformis

A

external rotation and abduction of thigh

40
Q

inner walls of minor pelvis

A

obturator internus m.

piriformis m.

41
Q

pelvic diaphragm

A

floor of pelvis
-anything below = perineum

levator ani m. and coccygeus m.

42
Q

urogenital diaphragm

A

in perineum
-beneath pelvic diaphragm

supports midline structure

urethra vagina in females
prostate in males

43
Q

parts of levator ani m.

A

pubococcygeus m.

iliococcygeus m.

puborectalis m.

44
Q

pubococcygeus m. attachments

A

O: pubis

I: coccyx and anococcygeal ligament

45
Q

innervation of all levator ani muscles?

A

perineal branches of S3,S4

all 3**

46
Q

action of pubococcygeus m?

A

support pelvic viscera

47
Q

iliococcygeus m attachments?

A

O: obturator fascia between pubis and ischial spine

I: coccyx and anococcygeal ligament

48
Q

action of iliococcygeus m.?

A

support pelvic viscera

49
Q

attachments of puborectalis m?

A

O: pubis

I: puborectalis from opposite side on posterior side of rectum

50
Q

action of puborectalis m.

A

support pelvis viscera

maintain anorectal junction**
-can’t regulate anal sphincter

51
Q

action of coccygeus muscle

A

O: ischial spine, sacrotuberous ligament

I: coccyx, lower part of sacrum

52
Q

innervation of coccygeus muscle

A

S4,S5 ventral rami

53
Q

action of coccygeus muscle

A

support pelvic viscera

most posterior muscle of pelvic diaphragm

54
Q

levator ani muscles

A

pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus
puborectalis

55
Q

pelvic diaphragm muscles

A

function to support pelvic viscera

Endo Exam 2 (17 decks)

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