Structure and Compartmentation - Pelvis and Perineum I

Question 1

pelvis

Answer 1

aka os coxa

-fusion of 3 bones

Question 2

ilium

Answer 2

broad ala
articulates with sacrum (body)

forms upper 2/5 acetabulum

also ligament attachment to lumbar vertebrae

Question 3

ischium

Answer 3

has superior and inferior rami - articulate with pubis and help form obturator foramen

posteroinferior 2/5 of acetabulum

rami articulate with pubis

Question 4

pubis

Answer 4

consists of a short body
-with superior and inferior rami

superior rami - forms anterior 1/5 of acetabulum

Question 5

pubic symphysis

Answer 5

fibrocartilage connecting two pubic bones

only site of movement in pelvis especially during pregnancy

thicker in females**
-responsive to hormonal changes during pregnancy

Question 6

sacroiliac joints

Answer 6

left and right

synovial joint between sacrum and ilium

Question 7

reinforcement of SI joint?

Answer 7

anterior, posterior, and interosseous sacroiliac ligaments

additional reinforcement - sacrotuberous ligament

Question 8

sacrotuberous ligament

Answer 8

sacrum to ischial tuberosity

Question 9

sacrospinous ligament

Answer 9

sacrum/coccyx to ischial spine

Question 10

movement of SI joint

Answer 10

gliding, but can be rotatory

Question 11

iliac fossa

Answer 11

interior surface of ilium

Question 12

terminal line

Answer 12

superior aperture of pelvic inlet
-along iliopubic eminence to base of sacrum

divides to false pelvis (above) and true pelvis (below)

Question 13

pelvic inlet

Answer 13

plane of terminal line superior

-pubic symphysis to sacral promontory

Question 14

pelvic outlet

Answer 14

irregular lower border of pelvis

-pubic symphysis to coccyx

Question 15

major pelvis

Answer 15

false pelvis

-above line

Question 16

minor pelvis

Answer 16

true pelvis

-below line

Question 17

normal erect position

Answer 17

pelvis tipped at 50-60 degrees from horizontal

base of sacrum 4” higher than symphysis

ASIS and symphysis pubis lie in same vertical plane

Question 18

sexual dimorphism of pelvis

Answer 18

female has:

• shallower major pelvis
• shallower wider minor pelvis
• everted sciatic tubers
• broader sacrum with less curve
• superior aperture more oval
• subpubic angle greater

Question 19

diameters of pelvis?

Answer 19

transverse
oblique
diagonal conjugate
true conjugate

Question 20

4 types of pelvis

Answer 20

android
anthropoid
gynecoid
platypelloid

Question 21

android pelvis

Answer 21

most common male

heart shaped inlet

Question 22

anthropoid pelvis

Answer 22

2nd most common male

exaggerated anterior/posterior inlet

Question 23

gynecoid pelvis

Answer 23

most common female

oval shaped pelvic inlet

Question 24

platypelloid

Answer 24

least common both sexes

exaggerated transverse inlet diameter

Question 25

diameters of superior aperture

Answer 25

true conjugate diagonal conjugate transverse oblique

Question 26

diameters of inferior aperture

Answer 26

transverse anterior sagittal posterior sagittal

Question 27

true conjugate diameter

Answer 27

SV angle to superior margin of symphysis

Question 28

diagonal conjugate diameter

Answer 28

SV angle to inferior margin of symphysis

Question 29

transverse diameter of superior aperture

Answer 29

greatest width

Question 30

oblique diameter

Answer 30

SI articulation to iliopectineal eminence of other side

Question 31

transverse diameter of inferior aperture

Answer 31

inner surface of ischial tuberosities

Question 32

anterior sagittal diameter

Answer 32

transverse diameter to symphysis

Question 33

posterior sagittal diameter

Answer 33

transverse diameter to sacro/coccyx junction

Question 34

obturator internus attachments

Answer 34

origin - inner surface of obturator membrane and bony rim insertion - greater trochanter of femur leaves pelvis as tendon through lesser sciatic notch covered by fascia - obturator fascia - from which levator ani muscles arise

Question 35

innervation of obturator internus

Answer 35

nerve to obturator internus

Question 36

action of obturator internus

Answer 36

external rotation of thigh

Question 37

piriformis attachments

Answer 37

O: sacrum I: greater trochanter of femur leaves pelvis through greater sciatic foramen

Question 38

innervation of piriformis

Answer 38

S1,S2 ventral rami

Question 39

action of piriformis

Answer 39

external rotation and abduction of thigh

Question 40

inner walls of minor pelvis

Answer 40

obturator internus m. | piriformis m.

Question 41

pelvic diaphragm

Answer 41

floor of pelvis -anything below = perineum levator ani m. and coccygeus m.

Question 42

urogenital diaphragm

Answer 42

in perineum -beneath pelvic diaphragm supports midline structure urethra vagina in females prostate in males

Question 43

parts of levator ani m.

Answer 43

pubococcygeus m. iliococcygeus m. puborectalis m.

Question 44

pubococcygeus m. attachments

Answer 44

O: pubis I: coccyx and anococcygeal ligament

Question 45

innervation of all levator ani muscles?

Answer 45

perineal branches of S3,S4 all 3**

Question 46

action of pubococcygeus m?

Answer 46

support pelvic viscera

Question 47

iliococcygeus m attachments?

Answer 47

O: obturator fascia between pubis and ischial spine I: coccyx and anococcygeal ligament

Question 48

action of iliococcygeus m.?

Answer 48

support pelvic viscera

Question 49

attachments of puborectalis m?

Answer 49

O: pubis I: puborectalis from opposite side on posterior side of rectum

Question 50

action of puborectalis m.

Answer 50

support pelvis viscera maintain anorectal junction** -can't regulate anal sphincter

Question 51

action of coccygeus muscle

Answer 51

O: ischial spine, sacrotuberous ligament I: coccyx, lower part of sacrum

Question 52

innervation of coccygeus muscle

Answer 52

S4,S5 ventral rami

Question 53

action of coccygeus muscle

Answer 53

support pelvic viscera most posterior muscle of pelvic diaphragm

Question 54

levator ani muscles

Answer 54

pubococcygeus iliococcygeus puborectalis

Question 55

pelvic diaphragm muscles

Answer 55

function to support pelvic viscera