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Endo Exam 2 > Embryology of Reproductive Tract > Flashcards

Embryology of Reproductive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

urinary and internal repro organs from?

A

intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

genital ridge

A

forms gonad

from intermediate mesoderm

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3
Q

mesonephric duct

A

aka wolffian

drains to cloaca

forms male internal reproduction organs

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4
Q

paramesonephric duct

A

forms female internal reproduction organs

aka mullerian duct

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5
Q

indifferent stage

A

not male or female - to week 8

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6
Q

determines male?

A

SRY gene on Y chromosome

protein - TDF - testis determining factor

masculinization of indifferent genitals

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7
Q

indifferent gonad

A

genital ridges from intermesoderm

epithelium (cortex) grows into underlying mesoderm to form primitive sex cords (medulla)

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8
Q

primordial germ cells

A

migrate to genital ridge week 4-6

-no PHC migration, no gonad formation

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9
Q

genetic sex

A

determined at fertilization

-phenotypic - not until puberty fully

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10
Q

determination of internal and external genitalia

A

determined by gonadal hormones

testes - produce testosterone

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11
Q

leydig cells

A

testosterone

-masculinizes internal/external genitals

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12
Q

sertoli cells

A

produces antimullerian hormone (AMH)

-suppresses female development (paramesonephric duct)

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13
Q

in response to TDF in males

A

outer cortex regress

inner medulla forms testes

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14
Q

tunica albuginea

A

cortex of primitive gonad

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15
Q

primitive sex cords

A

seminiferous tubules, tubuli recti, rete testes

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16
Q

descent of testes

A

determined by testosterone

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17
Q

gubernaculum

A

attaches caudal pole of testes to anterior body wall

-future site of deep inguinal ring

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18
Q

processus vaginalis

A

evagination of peritoneum passing through abdominal wall lateral to site of attachment of gubernaculum

proximal closes (around deep ring), distal becomes tunica vaginalis of testes

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19
Q

inguinal canal

A

formed when processus vaginalis and gubernaculum pulled through abdominal wall

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20
Q

prostate

A

from cloaca

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21
Q

mesonephric duct differentiation

A

epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicles

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22
Q

urethra gives rise to

A

prostate and bulbourethral glands

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23
Q

mesonephric tubule differentiation

A

efferent ductules, appendix of epididymis

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24
Q

paramesonephric duct regression

A

appendix of testes and prostatic utricle

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25
external genitalia formation
cloacal folds - mesenchyme swelling around cloacal membrane
26
lateral cloacal folds
urethral and anal folds
27
anterior cloacal folds
genital tubercle
28
genital swellings
labioscrotal swellings | form on each side of cloacal membrane
29
external genitalia differentiation
fully at 12th week | -under influence of testosterone and DHT
30
anal folds
anus
31
genital tubercle
glans penis
32
urethral folds
shaft, root of penis and penile urethra
33
urethral groove
open on ventral penis - between urethral folds - fuse to form urethra remaining urethra in glans -formed by ectodermal cells that grow inward
34
labioscrotal swellings
scrotum | -scrotal septum where two swellings fuse
35
hypospadias
incomplete fusion of urethral folds on ventral surface of penis urethral meatus no ventral surface of penis testosterone dependent process
36
epispadias
penile urethra opens on dorsal surface not testosterone dependent often with exstrophy of bladder
37
indirect hernia
failure of processus vaginalis to close around deep inguinal ring more common in males intestines can pass into opening
38
hydrocele
excessive production of serous fluid in tunica vaginalis noncommunicating and communicating types
39
cryptochidism
failure of testes to desent into scrotum testosterone dependent infertile - temp dysregulation
40
gonad determination
genetic female - need two XX for ovary formation don't know specifically proteins
41
internal and external female genitalia
form from absence of hormones
42
formation of ovary
sex cords in medulla degenerate -second generation of cortical sex cords from epithleium form folllicular cells around oogonia cortex forms ovaries, medulla regresses
43
mesonephric duct
mostly contributes to male ducts
44
paramesonephric duct
mostly contributes to female ducts
45
ends of paramesonephric duct
cranial - abdominal cavity | caudal - cloaca
46
differentiation of paramesonephric duct
absence of AMH - paramesonephric differentiates to genital ducts mesonephric degenerates absence of testosterone
47
gubernaculum
forms ovarian ligament and round ligament of uterus
48
processus vaginalis
small, obliterates before birth
49
paramesonephric duct differentiation
absence of AMH
50
mesonephric duct regression
absence of testosterone
51
epoophoron, paroophoron, gartners duct
remnant of mesonephric duct | can sometimes become cyst
52
uterine tube
from cranial paramesonephric duct
53
uterus, cervix, superior vagina
from caudal fused portion of paramesonephric duct
54
sinovaginal bulb
interface of cloaca and fused paramesonephric duct aka vaginal plate -inferior portion of vagina canalizes by month 5
55
hymen
thin membrane separating urogenital sinus from vagina
56
urethral endoderm
give rise to greater vestibular and skenes gland
57
indifferent external genitalia
cloacal folds > urethral and anal folds genital swellings (aka labioscrotal) genital tubercle
58
female external genitalia
absence of hormone | -estrogen not required
59
genital swellings in female
labia majora
60
urethral folds in female
labia minora erectile tissue clitoris crus and bulb of vestibule
61
genital tubercle in female
clitoris
62
uterine and vaginal defects
mostly incomplete fusion of two paramesonephric ducts
63
uterus arcuatus
slight lack of fusion of ducts indentation of fundus of uterus
64
uterus didelphys
double uterus with double vagina, two cervix | -complete lack of fusion of ducts and formation of two sinovaginal bulbs
65
uterus bicornis
partial lack of fusion of paramesonephric duct | -two horns of uterus and two cervix
66
uterus unicornis
complete agenesis of one paramesonephric duct
67
uterus bicornis unicollis
caudal portion of 1 duct fails to form one cervix two uterine horns
68
vaginal and cervical atresia
atresia of sinovaginal bulbs - failure of canalization
69
klinefelter syndrome
XXY, 47 nondisjunction during meiosis - infertile - low testosterone, aspermatogenesis - impaired sexual paturation gynecomastia - breasts in males high estrogen, low testosterone
70
turner syndrome
XO, 45 - nondisjunction - ovaries do not form - testes don't form - streak gonads - genital ridge only - need to be removed female external and internal genitalia are normal lack of secondary sex traits -no estrogen with no ovaries short-stature, broad chest, short neck, lymphadema of hands and feet, amenorrhea
71
swyer syndrome
46, XY - point mutation of SRY, defective TDF - gonadal dysgenesis, streak gonads - female external and internal genitalia normal - no ovaries - lack of secondary sex taits at puberty - no estrogen, no ovaries amenorrhea
72
hermaphroditism
most 46, XX likely a translocated Y chromosome ovotestes - both ovary and teste in same gonad internal genitalia most often female ambiguous external genitalia
73
female pseudohermaphroditism
46, XX congenital adrenal hyperplasia - ovaries form - internal organs female - masculinization of external genitalia - because of increased androgens
74
male pseudohermaphroditism
46, XY testes form - insufficient androgen production and AMH from testes - hypogonadism external and internal genitalia are female -bc lack of AMH
75
androgen insensitiity syndrome
46, XY testes form, AMH and testosterone normal lack of androgen receptors mesonephric duct degenerates - testosterone sensitivity paramesonephric duct also degenerate - presence of AMG female external genitalia vagina short and blind ending - no uterus

Endo Exam 2 (17 decks)

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