Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endo Exam 2 > Embryology of Reproductive Tract > Flashcards

Embryology of Reproductive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

urinary and internal repro organs from?

A

intermediate mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

genital ridge

A

forms gonad

from intermediate mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mesonephric duct

A

aka wolffian

drains to cloaca

forms male internal reproduction organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

paramesonephric duct

A

forms female internal reproduction organs

aka mullerian duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

indifferent stage

A

not male or female - to week 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

determines male?

A

SRY gene on Y chromosome

protein - TDF - testis determining factor

masculinization of indifferent genitals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

indifferent gonad

A

genital ridges from intermesoderm

epithelium (cortex) grows into underlying mesoderm to form primitive sex cords (medulla)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

primordial germ cells

A

migrate to genital ridge week 4-6

-no PHC migration, no gonad formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

genetic sex

A

determined at fertilization

-phenotypic - not until puberty fully

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

determination of internal and external genitalia

A

determined by gonadal hormones

testes - produce testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

leydig cells

A

testosterone

-masculinizes internal/external genitals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

sertoli cells

A

produces antimullerian hormone (AMH)

-suppresses female development (paramesonephric duct)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

in response to TDF in males

A

outer cortex regress

inner medulla forms testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

tunica albuginea

A

cortex of primitive gonad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

primitive sex cords

A

seminiferous tubules, tubuli recti, rete testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

descent of testes

A

determined by testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

gubernaculum

A

attaches caudal pole of testes to anterior body wall

-future site of deep inguinal ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

processus vaginalis

A

evagination of peritoneum passing through abdominal wall lateral to site of attachment of gubernaculum

proximal closes (around deep ring), distal becomes tunica vaginalis of testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

inguinal canal

A

formed when processus vaginalis and gubernaculum pulled through abdominal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

prostate

A

from cloaca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

mesonephric duct differentiation

A

epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

urethra gives rise to

A

prostate and bulbourethral glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

mesonephric tubule differentiation

A

efferent ductules, appendix of epididymis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

paramesonephric duct regression

A

appendix of testes and prostatic utricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

external genitalia formation

A

cloacal folds - mesenchyme swelling around cloacal membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

lateral cloacal folds

A

urethral and anal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

anterior cloacal folds

A

genital tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

genital swellings

A

labioscrotal swellings

form on each side of cloacal membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

external genitalia differentiation

A

fully at 12th week

-under influence of testosterone and DHT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

anal folds

A

anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

genital tubercle

A

glans penis

32
Q

urethral folds

A

shaft, root of penis and penile urethra

33
Q

urethral groove

A

open on ventral penis

  • between urethral folds
  • fuse to form urethra

remaining urethra in glans
-formed by ectodermal cells that grow inward

34
Q

labioscrotal swellings

A

scrotum

-scrotal septum where two swellings fuse

35
Q

hypospadias

A

incomplete fusion of urethral folds on ventral surface of penis

urethral meatus no ventral surface of penis

testosterone dependent process

36
Q

epispadias

A

penile urethra opens on dorsal surface

not testosterone dependent

often with exstrophy of bladder

37
Q

indirect hernia

A

failure of processus vaginalis to close around deep inguinal ring

more common in males

intestines can pass into opening

38
Q

hydrocele

A

excessive production of serous fluid in tunica vaginalis

noncommunicating and communicating types

39
Q

cryptochidism

A

failure of testes to desent into scrotum

testosterone dependent

infertile - temp dysregulation

40
Q

gonad determination

A

genetic

female - need two XX for ovary formation

don’t know specifically proteins

41
Q

internal and external female genitalia

A

form from absence of hormones

42
Q

formation of ovary

A

sex cords in medulla degenerate
-second generation of cortical sex cords from epithleium form folllicular cells around oogonia

cortex forms ovaries, medulla regresses

43
Q

mesonephric duct

A

mostly contributes to male ducts

44
Q

paramesonephric duct

A

mostly contributes to female ducts

45
Q

ends of paramesonephric duct

A

cranial - abdominal cavity

caudal - cloaca

46
Q

differentiation of paramesonephric duct

A

absence of AMH - paramesonephric differentiates to genital ducts

mesonephric degenerates absence of testosterone

47
Q

gubernaculum

A

forms ovarian ligament and round ligament of uterus

48
Q

processus vaginalis

A

small, obliterates before birth

49
Q

paramesonephric duct differentiation

A

absence of AMH

50
Q

mesonephric duct regression

A

absence of testosterone

51
Q

epoophoron, paroophoron, gartners duct

A

remnant of mesonephric duct

can sometimes become cyst

52
Q

uterine tube

A

from cranial paramesonephric duct

53
Q

uterus, cervix, superior vagina

A

from caudal fused portion of paramesonephric duct

54
Q

sinovaginal bulb

A

interface of cloaca and fused paramesonephric duct

aka vaginal plate
-inferior portion of vagina

canalizes by month 5

55
Q

hymen

A

thin membrane separating urogenital sinus from vagina

56
Q

urethral endoderm

A

give rise to greater vestibular and skenes gland

57
Q

indifferent external genitalia

A

cloacal folds > urethral and anal folds
genital swellings (aka labioscrotal)
genital tubercle

58
Q

female external genitalia

A

absence of hormone

-estrogen not required

59
Q

genital swellings in female

A

labia majora

60
Q

urethral folds in female

A

labia minora

erectile tissue
clitoris crus and bulb of vestibule

61
Q

genital tubercle in female

A

clitoris

62
Q

uterine and vaginal defects

A

mostly incomplete fusion of two paramesonephric ducts

63
Q

uterus arcuatus

A

slight lack of fusion of ducts

indentation of fundus of uterus

64
Q

uterus didelphys

A

double uterus with double vagina, two cervix

-complete lack of fusion of ducts and formation of two sinovaginal bulbs

65
Q

uterus bicornis

A

partial lack of fusion of paramesonephric duct

-two horns of uterus and two cervix

66
Q

uterus unicornis

A

complete agenesis of one paramesonephric duct

67
Q

uterus bicornis unicollis

A

caudal portion of 1 duct fails to form

one cervix two uterine horns

68
Q

vaginal and cervical atresia

A

atresia of sinovaginal bulbs - failure of canalization

69
Q

klinefelter syndrome

A

XXY, 47

nondisjunction during meiosis

  • infertile - low testosterone, aspermatogenesis
  • impaired sexual paturation

gynecomastia - breasts in males

high estrogen, low testosterone

70
Q

turner syndrome

A

XO, 45

  • nondisjunction
  • ovaries do not form
  • testes don’t form
  • streak gonads - genital ridge only
  • need to be removed

female external and internal genitalia are normal

lack of secondary sex traits
-no estrogen with no ovaries

short-stature, broad chest, short neck, lymphadema of hands and feet, amenorrhea

71
Q

swyer syndrome

A

46, XY

  • point mutation of SRY, defective TDF
  • gonadal dysgenesis, streak gonads
  • female external and internal genitalia normal
  • no ovaries
  • lack of secondary sex taits at puberty
  • no estrogen, no ovaries

amenorrhea

72
Q

hermaphroditism

A

most 46, XX

likely a translocated Y chromosome

ovotestes - both ovary and teste in same gonad

internal genitalia most often female

ambiguous external genitalia

73
Q

female pseudohermaphroditism

A

46, XX

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

  • ovaries form
  • internal organs female
  • masculinization of external genitalia
  • because of increased androgens
74
Q

male pseudohermaphroditism

A

46, XY

testes form

  • insufficient androgen production and AMH from testes
  • hypogonadism

external and internal genitalia are female
-bc lack of AMH

75
Q

androgen insensitiity syndrome

A

46, XY

testes form, AMH and testosterone normal

lack of androgen receptors

mesonephric duct degenerates - testosterone sensitivity

paramesonephric duct also degenerate - presence of AMG

female external genitalia

vagina short and blind ending - no uterus

Endo Exam 2 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions