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Endo Exam 2 > Histology of the Male Reproductive Tract > Flashcards

Histology of the Male Reproductive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

4 parts of male repro system

A

testes
conducting tubules
accessory glands
penis

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2
Q

products of testes

A

male germ cells - sperm

male sex hormones - testosterone

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3
Q

conducting tubules

A

seminiferous tubules
epididymis
ductus deferens
urethra

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4
Q

accessory glands

A

seminal vesicle
prostate
bulbourethral (aka cowpers)

produce and store seminal secretions

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5
Q

semen

A

sperm and secretions

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6
Q

testes

A

develop in abdominal cavity

descend around birth

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7
Q

testes function

A

exocrine - gametes - sperm
-cytogenic - secretes actual cells (sperm)

endocrine - androgens - male sex hormones

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8
Q

tunica albuginea

A

thick fibro-elastic CT capsule of teste

  • thickened capsule that projects inward
  • incomplete lobulation

along posterior border of testis

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9
Q

mediastinum testis

A

where ducts depart testes and a/v/m enter/leave

hilar region

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10
Q

CT septae

A

radiation from mediastinum to inner face of capsule

incomplete division of testes

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11
Q

lobule of testi

A

each contain1-4 seminiferous tubules
-80cm length/200 micrometer diameter

-embedded in loose CT stroma

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12
Q

leydig cells

A

clustered in stroma between seminiferous tubules

large polyhedral interstitial cells

rounded nuclei with 1-2 nucleoli

  • many cytoplasmic inclusions
  • produce testosterone
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13
Q

product of leydig cells

A

testosterone

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14
Q

product of seminiferous tubules

A

sperm

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15
Q

leydig cells location

A

proximity to vascular channels

bc of endocrine function

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16
Q

leydig cell structure

A 
prominent golgi
abundant mitrochondria
extensive sER - steroid hormones
many peroxisome
lysosomes present

close to vascular channels

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17
Q

spermatogenesis

A

spermatogonia to spermatozoa

in seminiferous tubule

final portion or process - spermiogenesis
-spermatides to spermatozoa

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18
Q

spermiogenesis

A

spermatids to spermatozoa

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19
Q

process of spermiogenesis

A 
primordial germ cell >
spermatagonia >
primary spermatocyte >
secondary spermatocyte >
spermatid >
spermatozoa
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20
Q

termination of seminiferous tubule

A

becomes straight tubule

-empties into rete testis

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21
Q

rete testis

A

in mediastinum testis
-maze of straight tubules

also has vessels

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22
Q

structure of seminiferous tubules

A

heavy basement membrane

  • collagen fibers ensheath each tubule
  • contractile-type cells in fibers

specialized stratified epithelium

  • spermatogenic epithleium
  • basal cells on basement membrane

inner lumen - forms in adult
-pre-adolescent - solid cord of cells

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23
Q

peritubular contractile cells

A

smooth muscle like cells in seminiferous tubules basement membrane

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24
Q

spermatogenic epithelium

A

germ cells
-stratified - 4-8 cell layers

supporting cells - sertoli cells are scattered among germ cells

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25
sertoli cells
"nurse" cells to spermatids -provide mechanical support, protection, and nutrition to developing germ cells basement membrane to lumen -surrounded by different stages of sperm formation
26
tight junction of sertoli cells
forms blood testis barrier between spermatocytes and spermatogonia
27
sertoli cell type
tall columnar cells form blood-testis cells blocks autoimmune response (orchitis)
28
sertoli cell structure
large pale, oval nuclei with prominent nucleolus and membrane infoldings cytoplasm indented by developing germ cells -apex and lateral faces above base of cells tall columnar cells
29
sertoli cell histology
line seminiferous tubule large pale oval nucleus with dark nucleolus
30
3 phases of spermatogenesis
spermatocytogenesis meiosis spermiogenesis
31
spermatocytogenesis
spermatogonia proliferate by mitotic division type A > type B > primary spermatocyte
32
meiosis
primary spermatocyte > secondary spermatocyte > spermatide 2 division - goes to haploid cell
33
spermiogenesis
spermatid > spermatozoa
34
spermatogonia
diploid
35
primary spermatocyte
diploid
36
secondary spermatocyte
haploid 23 chromosome 2N
37
spermatid
haploid 23 chromosome 1N
38
spermatozoa
haploid
39
type A spermatogonia
divides to one type A and one Type B -by mitosis type B goes to terminal maturation
40
type B spermatogonia
divide to two primary spermatocytes
41
largest spermatogenic cells
primary spermatocyte
42
meiosis I
primary spermatocyte to two secondary spermatocytes with 23 chromosomes 2N
43
meiosis II
short phase secondary spermatocyte to two spermatids spermatids with 23 chromosone 1N
44
spermatogonia
on basement membrane
45
completion of spermatogenesis
detach from supporting cell and become free in lumen move from seminiferous tubule to epididymis final maturation in epididymis -sperm becomes mobile and capable of fertilization
46
type A spermatogonia
46 chromosomes 2N diploid
47
type B spermatogonia
46 chromosomes 2N diploid
48
primary spermatocyte
46 chromosomes 2N diploid
49
secondary spermatocyte
23 chromosomes 2N - haploid
50
spermatid
23 chromosome 1N - haploid
51
spermatozoa
mature sperm | 23 chromosome 1N - haploid
52
order of spermatogenesis
type A > mitosis - sister chromatids separate type B > mitosis - sister chromatids separate primary > meiosis I - homologs separate secondary > meiosis II - sister chromatids separate spermatid > maturation spermatozoa
53
homolog chromosome separation
46 - 23 chromosomes
54
sister chromatid separation
4N - 2N | or 2N - 1N
55
head of mature sperm
head - nucleus and cap | -dense acrosome at anterior boundary
56
hyaluronidase
in acrosome of sperm head | -aids sperm penetration of unfertilized egg
57
neck and middle piece of mature sperm
neck and middle piece - core of longitudinal filaments - surrounded by sheath - powers movement of tail
58
tail of mature sperm
ensheathed by fibrous ribs and thin layer of cytoplasm similar to cilium - 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules tip is naked - MTs and membrane
59
cycle in seminiferous tubule
6 distinguishable stages - single location goes through each stage - like a wave in a stadium
60
segment
length of tubule between identical stages
61
wave
distance between 2 similar stages
62
straight tubule
simple columnar epihelium | -tubule opens into rete testis
63
rete testis
irregular network of anastomosing channels | -in mediastinum testis
64
efferent ductules
10 to 15 efferent ductules - drain into ductus epididymis outside of testes**
65
epididymis
formed by efferent ductules and ductus epididymis tall pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia (absorptive) -every cell touches basement membrane continuous with ductus deferens
66
ductus deferens
thick muscular tube -pseudostratified columnar epithleium with stereocilia courses retroperitoneally into pelvis terminal dilation as ampulla ends as ejaculatory duct
67
ejaculatory duct
union of ampulla of vas deferens and seminal vesicle -empties into prostatic urethra 2x ejaculatory ducts - one each side
68
gamete motility
as move through conducting tubules - become capable of fertilization - by time sperm reach ductus deferens
69
seminal vesicles
postero-inferior surface of bladder - irregular lumen with many folds - epithelium depends on testosterone
70
function of seminal vesicle
produce and store mucus secretions - high in fructose and nutrition of sperm - do NOT store sperm - bulk of ejaculate
71
prostate gland
inferior to bladder - surrounding urethra - 30-50 tubulo-alveolar glands
72
3 zones of prostate
peripheral zone transition zone central zone - close to bladder also periurethral zone
73
BPH
nodular hyperplasia -from glands in central zone\ compresses urethra
74
most carcinomas?
peripheral zone | -palpable via DRE
75
prostatic secretions
large proportion of ejaculate - thin, milky, alkaline fluid - reduces acidity of urethra in male and vagina in female also contains acid phosphatase - aids in diagnosis of prostatic epithelial malignancies
76
prostatic epithelial malignancies
look at acid phosphatase levels
77
corpora amylacea
prostatic concretions build up - calcium deposit - increase as age - can start flow of secretions may contribute to BPH??
78
cowpers glands
aka bulbourethral glands -pea-sized tubulo-aveolar gland in muscle of UG diaphragm ducts into penile urethra
79
secretions of bulbourethral gland
clear, viscous, mucus substances - precum - lubricates urethra - secretion under control of erotic stimulation
80
urethra
prostatic - through prostate membranous - through UG diaphragm penile - length of corpus cavernosum
81
mucosal glands of littre/morgagni
tubular invaginations of epithelium
82
erectile tissue
enclosed by CT capsule and connected to venus plexus one corpus spongiosum - ventral - encloses urethra - enlarges as glans penis two corpora cavernosa - dorsal
83
epithleium over glans
stratified squamous nonkeratinizing | -continuous with urethral epithelium
84
flaccid penis
helicine arteries - allow blood flow through arteriovenous shunts
85
erection
PS stimulation - helicinic arteries straighten and open up - blood engorges penis
86
tunica albuginea
prevent expansion when penis becomes turgid
87
flaccidity returns
as helicine arteries recoil - shuts off blood to cavities - cavities slowly drained by venules
88
ejaculation
erection - bulbourethral glands prostate discharge - true ejaculation beginning sperm forced into urethra by ductus deferens contractions seminal vesicle - adds secretion bulbospongiosus muscle - fores semen to outside -compresses bulb of corpus spongiosum
89
parasympathetics
cause erection
90
sympathetic and somatic
ejaculation
91
point and shoot
PS - erection | sympathetic and somatic - ejaculation

Endo Exam 2 (17 decks)

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