Physiology Review I

Question 1

leydig cells

Answer 1

produce testosterone

Question 2

stimulation of leydig cells

Answer 2

hCG - from placenta
fetal LH
LH

Question 3

sertoli cells

Answer 3

AMH

Question 4

DHT effects

Answer 4

2 sex characteristics
male external
prostate

Question 5

5 alpha reductase

Answer 5

testosterone > DHT

Question 6

oligospermic men

Answer 6

hCG therapy

Question 7

androgen insensitivity

Answer 7

x-linked recessive

no androgen receptor

Question 8

puberty

Answer 8

pulsatile GnRH

Question 9

aromatase

Answer 9

can get testosterone - estradiol

breasts in genetic male

Question 10

Tanner stages

Answer 10

1 - preadolescent
2 - enlarged testes
3 - enlarged penis
4 - dark scrotum / penile growth
5 - adult sized

Question 11

ABP

Answer 11

keeps high T in testes

Question 12

hypogonadism

Answer 12

low spermatogenesis or steroidogenesis

low FSH, LH, and T

Question 13

prostate cancer

Answer 13

GnRH therapy
continuous high dose
suppress gonadotropin release

Question 14

sertoli cell function

Answer 14

blood-testis barrier
produce ABP
AMH, aromatase, inhibin production

Question 15

testosterone therapy

Answer 15

won’t help infertility
bc of the need for high intratesticular T levels

this will only inhibit LH secretion
-leads to decreased testosterone

Question 16

eunuchoidism

Answer 16

lack secondary sex characteristics

Question 17

lobule of testes

Answer 17

split by CT septae

Question 18

leydig cell shape

Answer 18

large polyhedral
rounded nuclei w/ 1-2 nucleoli
produce androgens

close to vascular channels

Question 19

3 phases spermatogenesis

Answer 19

spermatocytogenesis
meiosis
spermiogenesis

Question 20

spermatocytogenesis

Answer 20

PGC > spermatogonia > primary spermatocyte

Question 21

meiosis

Answer 21

primary spermatocyte >
secondary spermatocyte >
spermatid

Question 22

spermiogenesis

Answer 22

spermatid > spermatozoa

Question 23

type B spermatogona

Answer 23

46/2N

to 2x primary spermatocyte

Question 24

primary spermatocyte

Answer 24

largest**

Question 25

peritubular contractile cells

Answer 25

in seminiferous tubules

Question 26

seminiferous tubules

Answer 26

solid - preadolescent | canalize - adult

Question 27

spermatogenic epithelium

Answer 27

4-8 layers stratified germ cells | supporting sertoli cells scattered

Question 28

sertoli cell histo

Answer 28

``` tall columnar large pale oval nuclei prominent nucleus membrane infoldings cytoplasm indented ```

Question 29

blood testis barrier

Answer 29

sertoli cells tight junctions -spermatocytes from spermatogonia

Question 30

spermatogonia

Answer 30

sit on BM 46 2N

Question 31

meiosis I

Answer 31

primary > secondary to 23 2N

Question 32

meiosis II

Answer 32

secondary > spermatid to 23 1N

Question 33

final maturation sperm

Answer 33

epididymis

Question 34

primary spermatocyte

Answer 34

46 2N

Question 35

spermatid

Answer 35

23 1N

Question 36

secondary spermatocyte

Answer 36

23 2N

Question 37

sperm structure

Answer 37

head - with acrosome (hyaluronidase) neck - long filaments with mitochondria tail - 9+2 cilium (MT arrangement)

Question 38

seminiferous epithelium stage

Answer 38

6 in human like wave in stadium

Question 39

segment

Answer 39

between identical stages

Question 40

waves

Answer 40

between similar stages

Question 41

straight tubules

Answer 41

simple columnar epithelium opens into rete testis

Question 42

ductus epididymis

Answer 42

tall pseudostratified columnar with stereocilia continuous with ductus deferens

Question 43

seminal vesicles

Answer 43

diverticulum of ductus deferens produce bulk of ejaculate - high in fructose

Question 44

BPH

Answer 44

glands in central zone

Question 45

peripheral zone

Answer 45

prostate carcinoma palpable on DRE

Question 46

corpora amylacea

Answer 46

prostate calcification | increase with age

Question 47

prostate secretions

Answer 47

thin, milky, alkaline acid phosphatase - measurable

Question 48

bulbourethral glands

Answer 48

in UG diaphragm | -pre-cum clear mucus secretion

Question 49

glands of littre/morgani

Answer 49

in urethra

Question 50

glans epithelium

Answer 50

stratified, squamous dry | -continuous with urethral epithelium

Question 51

erection

Answer 51

parasympathetic - straigthen helicine arteries - closes shunts tunica albuginea prevents expansion

Question 52

flaccidity

Answer 52

helicine arteries recoil

Question 53

ejaculation

Answer 53

prostate gland discharge initiates true ejaculation then seminal vesicle bulbocavernosus - forces semen to outside