Male Hormones in Development and Reproduction

Question 1

testicular development

Answer 1

presence of TDF - from SRY gene
around week 9

further male development - DHT, AMH, testosterone

Question 2

leydig cells

Answer 2

sex steroid production

testosterone

Question 3

sertoli cells

Answer 3

secrete AMH

-support regression of female mullerian structures

Question 4

male external genitalia

Answer 4

DHT

Question 5

enzyme for testosterone > DHT

Answer 5

5 alpha reductase

Question 6

5 alpha reductase deficiency

Answer 6

no DHT

-feminized external genitalia

Question 7

stimulation of fetal leydig cells?

Answer 7

hCG

followed by LH

Question 8

hCG

Answer 8

similar to LH and can be used to stimulate spermatogenesis

Question 9

androgen insensitivity

Answer 9

x-linked recessive

no receptors
cannot respond to DHT or testosterone

will develop female external genitalia
will not develop male internal ducts - no wolffian

Question 10

wollfian duct structures

Answer 10

seminal vesicles
ejaculatory ducts
vas deferens/epididymis

requires testosterone to develop

Question 11

mullerian duct regression

Answer 11

triggered by AMH - from sertoli cells

Question 12

retention of wolffian ducts

Answer 12

testosterone

Question 13

androgens to estrogens?

Answer 13

aromatase

androgen receptor deficiency - even though they have no ovaries - can have peripheral conversion of testosterone to estradiol
-therefore get boobs

Question 14

initiation of puberty

Answer 14

GnRH

-pulsatile**

Question 15

sperm production

Answer 15

DHT

Question 16

prostate, beard browth, sebum formation

Answer 16

DHT

Question 17

penis, scrotum, urethra, prostate

Answer 17

DHT

Question 18

androgen binding protein

Answer 18

from sertoli cells

maintains high concentration of testosterone locally

Question 19

UG sinus, prostate, penile urethra, external genitalia

Answer 19

need DHT

Question 20

anabolic actions of androgens

Answer 20

erythropoietin synthesis
sebaceous secretion
protein anabolism - N retention
linear body grwoth
ABP synthesis
sex glands
libido

Question 21

tanner stage 1

Answer 21

preadolescent

Question 22

tanner stage 2

Answer 22

scrotum and testes enlarge
scrotal skin texture change

sparse, long downy pubes base of penis

Question 23

tanner stage 3

Answer 23

penile growth length
growth testes/scrotum

darker coarser pubes

Question 24

tanner stage 4

Answer 24

penile growth length/width
darkening of scrotum

adult type pubes, ,less area covered

Question 25

tanner stage 5

Answer 25

adult sized genitalia adult texture and quantitiy pubes hair diamond up linea alba

Question 26

circulating testosterone

Answer 26

SHBG - sex hormone binding globulin 60% serum albumin bound 30% free 5%

Question 27

adequate testosterone in testes

Answer 27

ABP to maintain normal spermatogenesis

Question 28

hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

Answer 28

low GnRH plasma LH, TSH, and testosterone low testes are immature with no sperm

Question 29

LH receptors

Answer 29

leydig cells

Question 30

FSH receptors

Answer 30

sertoli cells

Question 31

continuous and high dose GnRH

Answer 31

suppres gonadotropin release | low LH/FSH, and low testosterone

Question 32

supportive function sertoli cells

Answer 32

maintain blood testis barrier receptor for homrones nutrients to sperm

Question 33

exocrine function of sertoli cells

Answer 33

fluid for sperm movement produce ABP spermination - release sperm from seminiferous tubules

Question 34

endocrine function of sertoli cells

Answer 34

testosterone, ABP, FSH receptors produce AMH** aromatase - testosterone to estradiol 17-beta produce ihibin B

Question 35

inhibin B

Answer 35

from sertoli cells | regulates FSH levels

Question 36

hormone for spermatogenesis

Answer 36

testosterone | -need ABP for high concentration

Question 37

FSH and LH

Answer 37

necessary for leydig and sertolic function

Question 38

needed for spermatogenesis

Answer 38

``` LH testosterone FSH estradiol GH ```

Question 39

exogenous testosterone for hypogonadotropin hypogonadism

Answer 39

virilization of secondary male sex traits | no promotion of fertility - negative feedback on LH secretion

Question 40

spermatogenesis

Answer 40

needs high intra-testicular testosterone exogenous testosterine - results in inhibition of LH and therefore decreased intratesticular testosterone production

Question 41

eunuchoidism

Answer 41

gonadal failure before puberty results in absence of secondary sex characteristics low sperm counts

Question 42

UG sinus

Answer 42

give rise to prostate and bulbourethral glands

Question 43

testosterone throughout life

Answer 43

increase in utero spike at birth, then low until puberty high in adult high at senescence then drop