Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro > Strokes > Flashcards

Strokes Flashcards

1
Q

Cortical strokes most commonly affect vessels in [order]

A

Cortical strokes most commonly affect MCA > PCA > ACA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The underlying pathology of subcortical strokes is _

A

The underlying pathology of subcortical strokes is lipohyalinosis
* Occurs in the small perforating arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Combined face, arm, and leg deficits on one side is more suggestive of [stroke]

A

Combined face, arm, and leg deficits on one side is more suggestive of subcortical stroke
* A cortical stroke would only affect region of vessel perfusion (ie arm and face or just leg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cerebellar findings are more common in [stroke type]

A

Cerebellar findings are more common in subcortical strokes
* Ex: unstable gait, poor intentional movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ipsilateral cranial nerve deficits are more common in [stroke type]

A

Ipsilateral cranial nerve deficits are more common in subcortical strokes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Aphasia, neglect, gaze preference are indicative of [stroke type]

A

Aphasia, neglect, gaze preference are indicative of cortical stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ID the structures on ventral brainstem

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ID the structures of the dorsal brainstem

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Information from the inferior visual field travels via fibers in _ lobe

A

Information from the inferior visual field travels via fibers in parietal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Information from the superior visual field travels via fibers in _ lobe

A

Information from the superior visual field travels via fibers in temporal lobe
* Meyers loop involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Deficits in bladder control most commonly result from a cortical stroke in the [vessel]

A

Deficits in bladder control most commonly result from a cortical stroke in the ACA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Contralateral arm and face deficits, think _ stroke

A

Contralateral arm and face deficits, think MCA stroke
* Will see motor and sensory loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Contralateral leg deficits, think _ stroke

A

Contralateral leg deficits, think ACA stroke
* Will see motor and sensory loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Expressive aphasia is most likely to indicate _ stroke (specifically)

A

Expressive aphasia is most likely to indicate superior MCA stroke
* Broca’s is in the frontal lobe, gets supplied by the superior MCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Receptive aphasia is most likely to indicate _ stroke (specifically)

A

Receptive aphasia is most likely to indicate inferior MCA stroke
* Wernicke’s area is in the temporal lobe and supplied by inferior MCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The superior branch of the MCA supplies _ and _ lobes

A

The superior branch of the MCA supplies frontal and parietal lobes
* Includes broca’s area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The inferior branch of the MCA supplies _ lobe

A

The inferior branch of the MCA supplies temporal lobe
* Includes wernicke’s area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The PCA supplies _ and _ lobes

A

The PCA supplies temporal and occipital lobes
* PCA stroke will not only affect vision but memory as well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Eyes deviating to the side of the stroke is most commonly from [location] stroke

A

Eyes deviating to the side of the stroke is most commonly from superior MCA stroke
* Superior MCA supplies frontal lobe where frontal eye fields are found

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hemianopsia is most commonly a result of cortical stroke in [vessel] or [vessel]

A

Hemianopsia is most commonly a result of cortical stroke in PCA or Inferior MCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ID the structures

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ID the vessels

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The medial midbrain is supplied by [vessel]

A

The medial midbrain is supplied by PCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The lateral midbrain is supplied by [vessel]

A

The lateral midbrain is supplied by PCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The medial pons is supplied by [vessel]

A

The medial pons is supplied by basilar artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The lateral pons is supplied by [vessel]

A

The lateral pons is supplied by AICA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The medial medulla is supplied by [vessel]

A

The medial medulla is supplied by ASA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The lateral medulla is supplied by [vessel]

A

The lateral medulla is supplied by PICA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

ID the level

A

Midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

ID the level

A

Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

ID the level

A

Pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The first microscopic change in brain tissue after stroke is _ (within 12-24 hours)

A

The first microscopic change in brain tissue after stroke is red cytoplasm, pyknotic nuclei (within 12-24 hours)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Name the syndrome

A

Medial medullary syndrome (Dejerine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Name the syndrome

A

Lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Name the syndrome

A

Lateral pontine syndrome (Marie-Foix)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Most strokes will involve sudden onset of focal neurological deficits; the exception to this is _

A

Most strokes will involve sudden onset of focal neurological deficits; the exception to this is subarachnoid hemorrhage
* SAH may not produce focal deficit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The vast majority of strokes (85%) are (ischemic/hemorrhagic)

A

The vast majority of strokes (85%) are ischemic
* Ischemic strokes involve embolic, thrombotic, lacunar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Hemorrhagic strokes are caused by either [bleeding] or [bleeding]

A

Hemorrhagic strokes are caused by either subarachnoid hemorrhage or intracerebral hemorrhage

39
Q

The pathology shown may cause [type stroke]

A

The pathology shown may cause ischemic stroke
* ie atherosclerosis –> thrombotic stroke

40
Q

Name some causes of embolic stroke:

A

Name some causes of embolic stroke:
* Atrial fibrillation
* Infective endocarditis
* Cardiomyopathy
* Prosthetic valves
* Patent foramen ovale

41
Q

Ipsilateral transient monocular blindness can be caused by a cortical stroke of the (anterior/posterior) circulation

A

Ipsilateral transient monocular blindness can be caused by a cortical stroke of the anterior circulation
* Aka amaurosis fugax (curtain falling)
* ICA –> opthalmic artery –> central retinal artery

42
Q

Name the symptoms of disruption to blood flow in the anterior circulation

A

Name the symptoms of disruption to blood flow in the anterior circulation:
* Visual field deficits, amaurosis fugax
* Contralateral weakness
* Language disturbances
* Neglect
* Forced gaze (frontal eye fields)
* Disinhibition, personality changes, etc

43
Q

Name the symptoms of disruption to blood flow in the posterior circulation

A

Name the symptoms of disruption to blood flow in the posterior circulation:
* Diplopia
* Visual field deficits
* Unilateral or bilateral motor weakness
* Dysphagia, dysarthria
* Vertigo, staggering

44
Q

(3) examples of overlap between the anterior and posterior circulations of the brain:

A

(3) examples of overlap between the anterior and posterior circulations of the brain:
1. Circle of willis
2. Leptomeningeal vessels
3. Communication between extra and intracranial arteries

45
Q

Lenticulostriate arteries are branches off of the [major artery] which supply the _ and _

A

Lenticulostriate arteries are branches off of the MCA which supply the basal ganglia and internal capsule

46
Q

Small vessels from the [major artery] supply the midbrain and thalamus

A

Small vessels from the PCA supply the midbrain and thalamus
* Artery of percheron supplies both thalami

47
Q

Small vessels from the [major vessel] supply the head of the caudate

A

Small vessels from the ACA supply the head of the caudate
* Called the recurrent artery of Heubner

48
Q

_ are “small vessel strokes” to the thalamus, basal ganglia, pons

A

Lacunar strokes are “small vessel strokes” to the thalamus, basal ganglia, pons

49
Q

_ and _ are the two most common risk factors of lacunar strokes

A

Hypertension and diabetes are the two most common risk factors of lacunar strokes
* Lipohyalinosis –> thickening of the media, microatheroma

50
Q

Pure motor loss to the face, arm, leg is most likely due to stroke in [location]

A

Pure motor loss to the face, arm, leg is most likely due to stroke in contralateral posterior limb of the internal capsule
* Anterior choroidal artery

51
Q

Pure sensory loss to the face, arm, leg is most likely due to stroke in [location]

A

Pure sensory loss to the face, arm, leg is most likely due to stroke in contralateral thalamus
* Affects all sensation modalities

52
Q

Ataxic hemiparesis is most commonly due to a stroke in [location]

A

Ataxic hemiparesis is most commonly due to a stroke in contralateral pons

53
Q

_ syndrome is facial weakness + dymetria of one upper extremity ; results from lacunar stroke

A

Dysarthria-Clumsy Hand Syndrome is facial weakness + dymetria of one upper extremity ; results from lacunar stroke

54
Q

Acute treatment for an ischemic stroke that is caught early is _

A

Acute treatment for an ischemic stroke that is caught early is tissue plasminogen activators (tPA)
* Acute treatment also includes aspirin and clopidogrel

55
Q

Damage to a cranial nerve nucleus will result in [side] symptoms; the only exception is [CN]

A

Damage to a cranial nerve nucleus will result in ipsilateral symptoms; the only exception is CN IV
* The trochlear nerve causes contralateral deficits

56
Q

Damage to the PCA will affect [brainstem]

A

Damage to the PCA will affect midbrain

57
Q

Damage to the AICA will affect [brainstem region]

A

Damage to the AICA will affect lateral pons

58
Q

Damage to the basilar artery will affect [brainstem]

A

Damage to the basilar artery will affect medial pons
* Also some of the medial midbrain could be affected, though most supply comes from PCA

59
Q

Damage to the ASA will affect [brainstem]

A

Damage to the ASA will affect medial medulla

60
Q

Damage to the PICA will affect [brainstem]

A

Damage to the PICA will affect lateral medulla
* The vertebral artery also supplies some of the medulla

61
Q

_ syndrome is a unilateral lesion of the red nucleus which results in [findings]

A

Benedikt syndrome is a unilateral lesion of the red nucleus which results in ipsilateral oculomotor palsy, contralateral tremor + hemiparesis
* Red nucleus is egg shaped = eggs benedikt

62
Q

The constellation of upward gaze palsy, convergence retraction nystagmus, light-near dissociation is indicative of a problem at [location]

A

The constellation of upward gaze palsy, convergence retraction nystagmus, light-near dissociation is indicative of a problem at dorsal midbrain (compression of tectum)
* This is Parinaud syndrome

63
Q

Damage to the ventral midbrain may cause _ syndrome with [findings]

A

Damage to the ventral midbrain may cause Weber syndrome with ipsilateral CN III palsy + contralateral hemiparesis

64
Q

A medial pontine stroke will hit (3) major structures:

A

A medial pontine stroke will hit (3) major structures:
1. Abducens nucleus
2. Medial lemniscus
3. Corticospinal UMNs

65
Q

Localize the stroke…
1. Ipsilateral loss of eye abduction
2. Contralateral loss of touch, pressure, vibration
3. Contralateral weakness with UMN signs

A

Medial pontine syndrome
1. Ipsilateral loss of eye abduction
2. Contralateral loss of touch, pressure, vibration
3. Contralateral weakness with UMN signs

Because the facial nerve loops around the abducens it can sometimes be affected

66
Q

Name (6) major structures located in the lateral pons

A

Name (6) major structures located in the lateral pons:
1. Spinothalamic tract
2. Hypothalamospinal tract
3. Trigeminal sensory nucleus
4. Facial nerve
5. Vestibular and cochlear nuclei
6. Middle cerebellar peduncle

67
Q

Name (6) major symptoms of the lateral pontine syndrome

A

Name (6) major symptoms of the lateral pontine syndrome
1. ipsilateral loss of facial sensation
2. contralateral loss of pain and temperature
3. ipsilateral horner syndrome
4. ipsilateral facial weakness
5. vertigo/nystagmus/hearing loss
6. ipsilateral ataxia

68
Q

Name (3) major structures affected by a medial medullary stroke

A

Name (3) major structures affected by a medial medullary stroke:
1. Hypoglossal nucleus
2. Medial lemniscus
3. Corticospinal UMNs

69
Q

Name (3) symptoms of medial medullary syndrome:

A

Name (3) symptoms of medial medullary syndrome:
1. Ipsilateral tongue weakness
2. Contralateral loss of touch, pressure, vibration
3. Contralateral UMN weakness

70
Q

Name (6) major structures affected by a lateral medullary syndrome:

A

Name (6) major structures affected by a lateral medullary syndrome:
1. Spinothalamic tract
2. Hypothalamospinal tract
3. Spinal nucleus of V
4. Vestibular nuclei
5. Nucleus ambiguus
6. Inferior cerebellar peduncle

71
Q

Name (6) symptoms of lateral medullary syndrome

A

Name (6) symptoms of lateral medullary syndrome:
1. Ipsilateral loss of facial sensation
2. Ipsilateral horner’s syndrome
3. Contralateral loss of pain and temperature
4. Vertigo/nystagmus
5. Diminished gag reflex/dysphagia
6. Ipsilateral ataxia

72
Q

The most common risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage is _

A

The most common risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage is hypertension

73
Q

ID the anterior corticospinal tract

A
74
Q

ID the anterior spinothalamic tract

A

Recall that the anterior spinothalamic is responsible for crude touch, pressure

75
Q

Lesion of the subthalamic nucleus can cause _

A

Lesion of the subthalamic nucleus can cause contralateral hemiballismus

76
Q

Decerebrate posturing is a worse prognosis compared to decorticate; it is a result of lesion at [location]

A

Decerebrate posturing is a worse prognosis compared to decorticate; it is a result of lesion at or below red nucleus

77
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Epidural hematoma

78
Q

Most likely cause?

A

Rupture of the middle meningeal artery; often secondary to pterion skull fracture

79
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Subdural hematoma

80
Q

Etiology/cause?

A

Rupture of bridging veins (can be acute or chronic)
* Hemorrhage crosses suture lines; poor prognosis

81
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

82
Q

Etiology/cause?

A

Bleeding due to trauma or rupture of aneurysm or AV malformation

83
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Intraparenchymal hemorrhage

84
Q

Most common etiology/cause?

A

Most commonly caused by systemic hypertension

85
Q

Shaken baby sydrome is associated with [hemotoma]

A

Shaken baby sydrome is associated with subdural hematoma –> rupture of bridging veins

86
Q

[Hematomas] can present as transient loss of consciousness followed by lucid interval before deterioration

A

Epidural hematoma can present as transient loss of consciousness followed by lucid interval before deterioration

87
Q

Patients with [hemorrhage] may complain of “worst headache of their lives”

A

Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage may complain of “worst headache of their lives”
* Rapid time course

88
Q

Diffuse axonal injury will show _ on MRI

A

Diffuse axonal injury will show multiple punctate hemorrhages involving white matter tracts on MRI
* This is caused by traumatic shearing forces during rapid acceleration or deceleration of the brain (like MVA)

89
Q

[Hemorrhage] usually occurs in premature infants or those of low birth weight. Symptoms, if present, include seizure, flaccid weakness, hypoventilation, and cranial nerve abnormalities

A

Intraventricular hemorrhage usually occurs in premature infants or those of low birth weight. Symptoms, if present, include seizure, flaccid weakness, hypoventilation, and cranial nerve abnormalities

90
Q

Damage to the medial brainstem at any level (ie medial medulla, medial pons or Benedikt syndrome) may damage [pathway] and [pathway]

A

Damage to the medial brainstem at any level (ie medial medulla, medial pons or Benedikt syndrome) may damage medial lemnisucs and corticospinal tract
* Contralateral loss of touch, vibration, proprioception
* Contralateral hemiparesis

91
Q

Lateral medullary and lateral pontine syndromes can cause [side] horner syndrome due to damage of the [tract]

A

Lateral medullary and lateral pontine syndromes can cause ipsilateral horner syndrome due to damage of the hypothalamospinal tract

92
Q

Damage to the right inferior cerebellar peduncle (due to brainsem stroke) will cause [side] ataxia

A

Damage to the right inferior cerebellar peduncle (due to brainsem stroke) will cause right ataxia
* Damage to any cerebellar peduncles/tracts will cause ipsilateral deficit

93
Q

Both lateral pontine syndrome and lateral medullary syndrome cause ipsilateral facial numbness due to the [nucleus] running throughout the brainstem

A

Both lateral pontine syndrome and lateral medullary syndrome cause ipsilateral facial numbness due to the trigeminal sensory nucleus running throughout the brainstem

94
Q

Both [brainstem stroke] and [brainstem stroke] can result in nystagmus/vertigo

A

Both lateral pontine stroke and lateral medullary stroke can result in nystagmus/vertigo
* CN VIII nuclei straddle the pons and medulla so can be affected in both syndromes

Neuro (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions