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Neuro > First aid, bootcamp, pathoma > Flashcards

First aid, bootcamp, pathoma Flashcards

1
Q

Syringomyelia is associated with chiari type _

A

Syringomyelia is associated with chiari type 1

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2
Q

Guillain-Barre syndrome involves injury to _ cells

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome involves injury to schwann cells

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3
Q

MS, PML, and leukodystrophies involve injury to _ cells

A

MS, PML, and leukodystrophies involve injury to oligodendrocytes

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4
Q

_ and _ sensory receptors adapt quickly

A

Meissner and Pacinian sensory receptors adapt quickly
* Meissner = light tough
* Pacinian = vibration, pressure

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5
Q

_ and _ sensory receptors adapt slowly

A

Merkel and Ruffini sensory receptors adapt slowly
* Merkel = deep static touch
* Ruffini = stretch

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6
Q

Depression is associated with _ REM sleep time, _ REM latency, _ N3, repeated awakenings and terminal insomnia

A

Depression is associated with increased REM sleep time, decreased REM latency, decreased N3, repeated awakenings and terminal insomnia

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7
Q

Narcolepsy is associated with _ REM latency

A

Narcolepsy is associated with decreased REM latency

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8
Q

The inhibitory output of the cerebellum travels from the purkinje cells –> the deep nuclei of cerebellum —> contralateral cortex via the _ peduncle

A

The inhibitory output of the cerebellum travels from the purkinje cells –> the deep nuclei of cerebellum —> contralateral cortex via the superior peduncle

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9
Q

Dopamine binds to [receptor] when stimulating the excitatory pathway and [receptor] when inhibiting the inhibitory pathway

A

Dopamine binds to D1 when stimulating the excitatory pathway and D2 when inhibiting the inhibitory pathway
* D1 = direct
* D2 = indirect

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10
Q

Hypoxemia increases CPP only if PO2 < _

A

Hypoxemia increases CPP only if PO2 < 50 mm Hg

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11
Q

CPP is directly proportional to PCO2 until PCO2 > _

A

CPP is directly proportional to PCO2 until PCO2 > 90 mm Hg

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12
Q

ID the anterior corticospinal tract

A
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13
Q

ID the anterior spinothalamic tract

A

Recall that the anterior spinothalamic is responsible for crude touch, pressure

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14
Q

Lesion of the subthalamic nucleus can cause _

A

Lesion of the subthalamic nucleus can cause contralateral hemiballismus

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15
Q

Decerebrate posturing is a worse prognosis compared to decorticate; it is a result of lesion at [location]

A

Decerebrate posturing is a worse prognosis compared to decorticate; it is a result of lesion at or below red nucleus

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16
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Epidural hematoma

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17
Q

Most likely cause?

A

Rupture of the middle meningeal artery; often secondary to pterion skull fracture

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18
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Subdural hematoma

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19
Q

Etiology/cause?

A

Rupture of bridging veins (can be acute or chronic)
* Hemorrhage crosses suture lines; poor prognosis

20
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

21
Q

Etiology/cause?

A

Bleeding due to trauma or rupture of aneurysm or AV malformation

22
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Intraparenchymal hemorrhage

23
Q

Most common etiology/cause?

A

Most commonly caused by systemic hypertension

24
Q

Shaken baby sydrome is associated with [hemotoma]

A

Shaken baby sydrome is associated with subdural hematoma –> rupture of bridging veins

25
Q

[Hematomas] can present as transient loss of consciousness followed by lucid interval before deterioration

A

Epidural hematoma can present as transient loss of consciousness followed by lucid interval before deterioration

26
Q

Patients with [hemorrhage] may complain of “worst headache of their lives”

A

Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage may complain of “worst headache of their lives”
* Rapid time course

27
Q

Diffuse axonal injury will show _ on MRI

A

Diffuse axonal injury will show multiple punctate hemorrhages involving white matter tracts on MRI
* This is caused by traumatic shearing forces during rapid acceleration or deceleration of the brain (like MVA)

28
Q

Dihydroergotamine is (abortive/preventative) for migraines

A

Dihydroergotamine is abortive for migraines

29
Q

_ is painful unilateral visual loss associated with marcus gunn pupil and is a common presentation for MS

A

Acute optic neuritis is painful unilateral visual loss associated with marcus gunn pupil and is a common presentation for MS

30
Q

Oligoclonal bands and increased IgG and myelin basic protein on CSF is diagnostic for _

A

Oligoclonal bands and increased IgG and myelin basic protein on CSF is diagnostic for MS

31
Q

Both MS and guillain barre can cause sensory and motor deficits; however _ affects UMNs and _ affects LMNs

A

Both MS and guillain barre can cause sensory and motor deficits; however MS affects UMNs and GB affects LMNs
* MS = spasticity
* GB = absent DTRs

32
Q

Increased CSF protein with normal cell count is associated with [demyelinating disease]

A

Increased CSF protein with normal cell count is associated with Guillain Barre
* This is called albuminocytologic dissociation

33
Q

Sturge weber syndrome = problem with _ gene

A

Sturge weber = GNAQ

34
Q

What two manifestations are seen here?

A
  1. Port-wine stain in V1/V2 distribution
  2. Ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma

Due to capillary vascular malformations

35
Q

What manifestation is shown?

A

Hamartoma on skin
(these also occur in CNS)
* Result of tuberous sclerosis

36
Q

NF1 tumor supressor gene is on [chromosome] while NF2 tumor supressor gene is on [chromosome]

A

NF1 tumor supressor gene is on 17 while NF2 tumor supressor gene is on 22

37
Q

Medulloblastoma originates from [cells]

A

Medulloblastoma originates from primitive neuroectoderm

38
Q

In addition to bilateral schwannomas, NF2 is associated with [tumor] and [tumor]

A

In addition to bilateral schwannomas, NF2 is associated with meningioma and ependymoma

39
Q

Elevated levels of tau and 14-3-3 proteins in CSF are associated with _ disease

A

Elevated levels of tau and 14-3-3 proteins in CSF are associated with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

40
Q

Reactive gliosis typically occurs [time period] after injury and is characterized by the proliferation of glial cells (i.e., astrocytes)

A

Reactive gliosis typically occurs 1 to 2 weeks after injury and is characterized by the proliferation of glial cells (i.e., astrocytes)

41
Q

The [brain cells] are particularly susceptible to hypoxia and typically are the first to experience ischemic damage during global cerebral hypoperfusion

A

The CA1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus are particularly susceptible to hypoxia and typically are the first to experience ischemic damage during global cerebral hypoperfusion

42
Q

Acute onset of painful, unilateral visual field loss (scotoma) and a relative afferent pupillary defect likely indicate _

A

Acute onset of painful, unilateral visual field loss (scotoma) and a relative afferent pupillary defect likely indicate optic neuritis
* Think MS

43
Q

_ radiculopathy presents as pain that radiates to the posterior leg and as motor weakness of plantar flexion, hip extension, and/or knee flexion

A

S1 radiculopathy presents as pain that radiates to the posterior leg and as motor weakness of plantar flexion, hip extension, and/or knee flexion

44
Q

[Hemorrhage] usually occurs in premature infants or those of low birth weight. Symptoms, if present, include seizure, flaccid weakness, hypoventilation, and cranial nerve abnormalities

A

Intraventricular hemorrhage usually occurs in premature infants or those of low birth weight. Symptoms, if present, include seizure, flaccid weakness, hypoventilation, and cranial nerve abnormalities

45
Q

Diagnose the brain tumor

A

Meningioma: psammoma bodies
* There are derived from arachnoid cells

46
Q

_ is an anti-Parkinsonian medication that may cause orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, and livedo reticularis

A

Amantadine is an anti-Parkinsonian medication that may cause orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, and livedo reticularis

47
Q

[NT] in the reticular formation induces REM sleep. Natural aging is associated with lower levels of this and decreased sleep (rapid eye movement and overall) duration

A

Acetylcholine in the reticular formation induces REM sleep. Natural aging is associated with lower levels of acetylcholine and decreased sleep (rapid eye movement and overall) duration

Neuro (18 decks)

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