Cranial nerves Flashcards
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Abducens (CN VI)
Facial nerve (CN VII)
Glassopharyngeal (CN IX)
Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)
Vagus (CN X)
ID CN I
CN I- olfactory nerve
Hypoglossal (CN XII)
Accessory (CN XI)
ID CN II
CN II- optic nerve
CN I is the _ nerve
CN I is the olfactory nerve
ID CN III
CN III- oculomotor nerve
CN II is the _ nerve
CN II is the optic nerve
CN III is the _ nerve
CN III is the oculomotor nerve
CN IV is the _ nerve
CN IV is the trochlear nerve
CN V is the _ nerve
CN V is the trigeminal nerve
CN VI is the _ nerve
CN VI is the abducens nerve
CN VII is the _ nerve
CN VII is the facial nerve
CN VIII is the _ nerve
CN VIII is the vestibulocochlear nerve
CN IX is the _ nerve
CN IX is the glossopharyngeal nerve
CN X is the _ nerve
CN X is the vagus nerve
CN XI is the _ nerve
CN XI is the accessory nerve
CN XII is the _ nerve
CN XII is the hypoglossal nerve
Which 4 cranial nerves are located above the pons?
- Olfactory (CN I)
- Optic (CN II)
- Oculomotor (CN III)
- Trochlear (CN IV)
Which 4 cranial nerves exit the pons?
- Trigeminal (CN V)
- Abducens (CN VI)
- Facial (CN VII)
- Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)
Which 4 cranial nerves are in the medulla?
- Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
- Vagus (CN X)
- Accessory (CN XI)
- Hypoglossal (CN XII)
Which 4 cranial nerves are located medially in the brainstem?
- Oculomotor (CN III)
- Trochlear (CN IV)
- Abducens (CN VI)
- Hypoglossal (CN XII)
Factors of 12
Eye motion is controlled by [cranial nerves]
Eye motion is controlled by CN III, IV, VI
* Oculomotor, trochlear, abducens
Sight (sensory) is controlled by [cranial nerve]
Sight (sensory) is controlled by CN II
* Optic nerve
Smell (sensory) is controlled by [cranial nerve]
Smell [sensory] is controlled by CN I
* Olfactory nerve
Swallowing, including tongue motion is controlled by [cranial nerves]
Swallowing, including tongue motion is controlled by CN IX, X, XII
* Glossopharyngeal, vagus, hypoglossal
* CN VII for saliva
Taste (sensory) is controlled by [cranial nerves]
Tase (sensory) is controlled by CN VII, IX, X
* Facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus
Gastrointestinal motility is controlled by [cranial nerve]
Gastrointestinal motility is controlled by CN X
* Vagus nerve
Hearing and balance (sensory) are controlled by [cranial nerve]
Hearing and balance (sensory) are controlled by CN VIII
* Vestibulocochlear nerve
Touch (head) is controlled by [cranial nerves]
Touch (head) is controlled by CN V, IX
* Trigeminal, glossopharyngeal nerves
Touch (mouth and throat) is controlled by [cranial nerves]
Touch (mouth and throat) is controlled by CN V, VII, IX, X
* Trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus
Monitoring body functions like blood pressure, partial pressure of carbon dioxide/ oxygen is controlled by [cranial nerves]
Monitoring body functions like blood pressure, partial pressure of carbon dioxide/ oxygen is controlled by CN IX, X
* Glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves
Baroreceptors and peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the _ and _
Baroreceptors and peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the aortic arch and carotid sinuses
The aortic arch transmits information on arterial pressure and arterial PO2 via the [cranial nerve]
The aortic arch transmits information on arterial pressure and arterial PO2 via the vagus nerve (CN X)
The carotid sinuses transmit information about arterial pressure and arterial PO2 via the [cranial nerve]
The carotid sinuses transmit information about arterial pressure and arterial PO2 via the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
We have central chemoreceptors located in the [brain location] that respond to changes in PCO2 or pH
We have central chemoreceptors located in the medulla that respond to changes in PCO2 or pH
CN IX and X transmit information on blood pressure and partial pressure of O2/CO2 from their respective receptors to the _
CN IX and X transmit information on blood pressure and partial pressure of O2/CO2 from their respective receptors to the solitary nucleus of the medulla
Olfactory: [nerve classification]
Olfactory: special sensory
* Smell
Optic: [nerve classification]
Optic: special sensory
* Sight
Oculomotor: [nerve classification]
Oculomotor: somatic motor and visceral motor (parasympathetic)
* Eye movement, eyelid elevation
* Pupil constriction, lens accommodation
Trochlear: [nerve classification]
Trochlear: somatic motor
* Eye movement
Trigeminal: [nerve classification]
Trigeminal: branchial motor and somatic sensory
* Chewing
* Pain, touch from face, anterior two-thirds of tongue
Abducens: [nerve classification]
Abducens: somatic motor
* Eye movement
Facial: [nerve classification]
Facial: branchial motor, visceral motor (parasympathetic), and special sensory
* Movement of muscles for facial expression
* Tear secretion and salivation
* Taste (anterior two-thirds of tongue)
Vestibulocochlear: [nerve classification]
Vestibulocochlear: special sensory
* Hearing and balance
Glossopharyngeal: [nerve classification]
All functions: branchial motor, visceral motor (parasympathetic), somatic sensory, special sensory, visceral sensory
* Swallowing via stylopharyngeus
* Partotid (salivary gland)
* Sensation to posterior 1/3rd tongue, oropharynx, tympanic cavity
* Taste of posterior 1/3rd tongue
* Carotid body/arch
Vagus: [nerve classification]
All functions: branchial motor, visceral motor (parasympathetic), somatic sensory, special sensory, visceral sensory
* Muscles of the palate, pharynx, larynx
* Heart rate (aortic arch)
* Abdominal organs
* Stimulating GI motility
* Taste from epiglottis
Accessory: [nerve classification]
Accessory: somatic motor
* Shrugging, head turning
Hypoglossal: [nerve classification]
Hypoglossal: somatic motor
* Tongue movement
Vagus nerve helps with [somatic efferent function]
Vagus nerve helps with swallowing, coughing, speaking
Glossopharyngeal nerve helps with [somatic efferent function]
Glossopharyngeal nerve helps with swallowing
Glossopharyngeal nerve helps with [autonomic efferent function]
Glossopharyngeal nerve helps with salivation (parasympathetic)
Vagus nerve helps with [autonomic efferent function]
Vagus nerve helps with stimulating GI tract, slowing heart rate
Glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves have general visceral afferent fibers in the _ and _ respectively
Glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves have general visceral afferent fibers in the carotid body/sinus and aortic arch/heart respectively
Glossopharyngeal nerve carries somatic afferent information (pain, touch) from [locations]
Glossopharyngeal nerve carries somatic afferent information (pain, touch) from upper pharynx, posterior one-third of tongue, tympanic membrane
Vagus nerve carries somatic afferent information (pain, touch) from [location]
Vagus nerve carries somatic afferent information (pain, touch) from larynx
[Cranial nerve] is responsible for taste from the posterior one-third of the tongue
Glossopharyngeal nerve is responsible for taste from the posterior one-third of the tongue
* Anterior two-thirds is facial nerve
* Vagus has minor role
To remember which cranial nerves have sensory, motor, or both functions use [mnemonic]
To remember which cranial nerves have sensory, motor, or both functions use “Some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter most”
CN I exits the skull through the _
CN I exits the skull through the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
* CN I is olfactory nerve
The olfactory nerve synapses in the _ before the signal moves to the _
The olfactory nerve synapses in the olfactory bulb before the signal moves to the piriform cortex
_ is the only sensory nerve that does not have thalamus input
CN I (olfactory nerve) is the only sensory nerve that does not have thalamus input
Olfactory is a [type] nerve
Olfactory is a sensory nerve
Damage to CN I results in _
Damage to CN I results in anosmia
* Trauma via skull fracture, infection, tumor
CN II is a [type] nerve
CN II is a sensory nerve
* AKA optic nerve
CN II exits the skull at the _
CN II exits the skull at the sphenoid bone (optic canal)
Right optic nerve compression would result in _
Right optic nerve compression would result in total darkness on right
CN III is a [type] nerve
CN III is a motor nerve
* Oculomotor nerve
Oculomotor nerve is responsible for which movements of the eye?
Superior rectus- up
Inferior rectus- down
Medial rectus- towards nose
Inferior oblique- superior rotation
[CN] elevates the eyelid
Oculomotor (CN III) elevates the eyelid
* Levator palpebrae
[Cranial nerve] controls pupillary constriction
Oculomotor (CN III) controls pupillary constriction
Oculomotor palsy will look like _
Oculomotor palsy will look like eye down, out, dilated, ptosis
proper CN IV function is needed to look _
proper CN IV (trochlear) function is needed to look down, in
* Helps you read a book or descend stairs
CN IV is a [type] nerve
CN IV is a motor nerve
Trochlear nerve palsy looks like _
Trochlear nerve palsy looks like eye tilted outward, head tilting away from affected side
* Associated with diplopia
* Difficulty going down the stairs or reading
Trigeminal is a [type] nerve
Trigeminal is a sensory and motor nerve
The key sensory function of CN V is _
The key sensory function of CN V is sensing touch, pain, temperature of the face
The trigeminal nerve is the largest CN with (3) divisions:
The trigeminal nerve is the largest CN with (3) divisions:
V1: opthalamic
V2: maxillary
V3: mandibular
Nerve V1 is involved in _ reflex
Nerve V1 is involved in corneal reflex
Trigeminal’s main motor function is _
Trigeminal’s main motor function is chewing
* Muscles of mastication
CN VI is [type] nerve responsible for _
CN VI is motor nerve responsible for lateral rectus
Abducens palsy looks like..
Abducens palsy looks like..
Inability to laterally move affected eye, diplopia
Hyperacusis (patient cannot tolerate sounds) suggests _ nerve palsy
Hyperacusis (patient cannot tolerate sounds) suggests facial nerve palsy
* The facial nerve innervates all muscles of the 2nd pharyngeal arch which includes the stapedius (middle ear muscle)
_ is a branch of the vagus nerve that can cause hoarseness if compressed
Recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve that can cause hoarseness if compressed
* Located btwn the trachea and esophagus
* Left side wraps around aortic arch –> aortic dissection can affect nerve
Name the (4) CNs that convey parasympathetic nerves
Name the (4) CNs that convey parasympathetic nerves:
1. Oculomotor (CN III): pupil constriction
2. Facial nerve (CN VII) salivation, lacrimation
3. Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) salivation (parotid)
4. Vagus (CN X) heart rate, GI organs, acid secretion
CN I and II attach to the brainstem at the _
CN I and II attach to the brainstem at the forebrain
[Cranial nerves] attach to the midbrain
Cranial nerves 3, 4 attach to the midbrain
[CNs] attach to the pons
CN 5, 6, 7, 8 attach to the pons
[CNs] attach to the medulla
CN 9, 10, 11, 12 attach to the medulla
Name 3 parts of the sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve:
Name 3 parts of the sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve:
1. Mesencephalic nucleus
2. Main/ principle nucleus
3. Spinal nucleus
The mesencephalic nucleus (trigeminal sensory nucleus) is found in the [brainstem region]
The mesencephalic nucleus (trigeminal sensory nucleus) is found in the midbrain
The main/ principle nucleus (trigeminal sensory nucleus) is found in the [brainstem region]
The main/ principle nucleus (trigeminal sensory nucleus) is found in the pons
The spinal nucleus (trigeminal sensory nucleus) is found in the [brainstem region]
The spinal nucleus (trigeminal sensory nucleus) is found in the pons and medulla
The nuclei of CN VIII are found in [brain stem region(s)]
The nuclei of CN VIII are found in pons & medulla
The oculomotor nerve uses [two nuclei]
The oculomotor nerve uses oculomotor motor nucleus and Edinger Westphal nucleus
* Sometimes collectively called the oculomotor complex
Most motor nerves to most eye muscles (and the eyelid) use [CN III nuceli]
Most motor nerves to most eye muscles (and the eyelid) use oculomotor motor nucleus
Parasympathetic information from CN III travels from the [nucleus]
Parasympathetic information from CN III travels from the Edinger Wesphal nucleus
* Innervating pupillary sphincter muscle, ciliary muscle
Constriction of the pupil is the job of [muscle] and [CN]
Constriction of the pupil is the job of pupillary sphincter muscle and CN III
* This information goes through Edinger Wesphal nucleus
The oculomotor nerve exits the skull at the _
The oculomotor nerve exits the skull at the superior orbital fissure
The trochlear nerve controls [eye muscle]
The trochlear nerve controls the superior oblique
The trochlear nerve arises from the [nucleus] in the [region of the brainstem]
The trochlear nerve arises from the trochlear nucleus in the midbrain
_ is the only cranial nerve nucleus to originate on the contralateral side of the brainstem
Trochlear nucleus is the only cranial nerve nucleus to originate on the contralateral side of the brainstem
The abducens nerve innervates the [muscle]
The abducens nerve innervates the lateral rectus
The abducens nerve arises from the [nucleus] in the [brainstem region]
The abducens nerve arises from the abducens nucleus in the pons
[CN] abducts the eye
CN VI (abducens) abducts the eye (moving it laterally)
V1, V2, and V3 all carry sensory information; only [nerve division] also carries brachial motor information
V1, V2, and V3 all carry sensory information; only V3 also carries brachial motor information
The trigeminal nerve has [#] nuclei called:
The trigeminal nerve has 2 nuclei called:
* Sensory nucleus of the trigeminal
* Motor nucleus of the trigeminal
The trigeminal nerve carries brachial motor information to the [muscles]
The trigeminal nerve carries brachial motor information to the muscles of mastication
* Specifically V3
The cell bodies of the trigeminal sensory nerves synapse at the [ganglion]
The cell bodies of the trigeminal sensory nerves synapse at the trigeminal ganglion
The facial nerve carries branchial motor nerves to the [muscles]
The facial nerve carries branchial motor nerves to the muscles of facial expression
* All muscles derived from the 2nd pharyngeal pouch
The facial nerve conveys information to/from (4) nuclei:
The facial nerve conveys information to/from (4) nuclei:
1. Facial motor nucleus
2. Superior salivatory nucleus
3. Solitary nucleus
4. Sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve
Motor nerves innervating the muscles of facial expression originate from [nucleus] in [location]
Motor nerves innervating the muscles of facial expression originate from facial motor nucleus in pons
Innervation of the lacrimal gland, submandibular gland, and nasal gland originates from the [CN VII nucleus] in the [location]
Innervation of the lacrimal gland, submandibular gland, and nasal gland originates from the superior salivatory nucleus in the pons
Taste from the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue is the job of [CN], it transmits to the [nucleus] in the [location]
Taste from the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue is the job of facial nerve, it transmits to the solitary nucleus in the medulla
The facial nerve has an additional role to carry somatic sensory information from the ear to the [nucleus]
The facial nerve has an additional role to carry somatic sensory information from the ear to the sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
Not a typo, the facial nerve uses trigeminal nucleus
The facial nerve passes through the skull (temporal bone) at the [location]
The facial nerve passes through the skull (temporal bone) at the internal acoustic meatus
* Truly exits at the stylomastoid foramen
Facial nerve palsy can result in…
Facial nerve palsy can result in…
* Inability to wrinkle forehead
* Inability to close eyes
* Inability to smile
The vestibulocochlear nerve is a dual function special sensory nerve, carrying [information] and [information]
The vestibulocochlear nerve is a dual function special sensory nerve, carrying equilibrium/balance and hearing info
* Via the vestibular nerve and cochlear nerve respectively
The vestibulocochlear nerve uses two various nuclei, _ and _
The vestibulocochlear nerve uses two various nuclei, vestibular nuclei and cochlear nuclei
All CN VIII nuclei are located in the [location]
All CN VIII nuclei are located in the lower pons/upper medulla
* They ride the border
CN VIII exits the skull via the _
CN VIII exits the skull via the internal acoustic meatus
The glassopharyngeal nerve uses (4) nuclei:
The glassopharyngeal nerve uses (4) nuclei:
* Nucleus ambiguus
* Solitary nucleus
* Sensory nucleus of the trigeminal
* Inferior salivatory nucleus
The stylopharyngeus muscle (which lifts the larynx and pharynx) gets branchial motor innervation from [CN] originating from [nucleus]
The stylopharyngeus muscle (which lifts the larynx and pharynx) gets branchial motor innervation from CN IX originating from nucleus ambiguus
Taste sensation of the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue projects into the [nucleus], carried by [CN]
Taste sensation of the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue projects into the solitary nucleus, carried by glossopharyngeal nerve
Somatic sensation from the oropharynx and tympanic cavity is carried by [CN] and projects into the [nucleus]
Somatic sensation from the oropharynx and tympanic cavity is carried by glossopharyngeal nerve and projects into the sensory nucleus of the trigeminal
Visceral sensation from the carotid body projects onto [CN IX nucleus]
Visceral sensation from the carotid body projects onto solitary nucleus
Parasympathetic information to the parotid gland is carried by [CN] and projects from [nucleus]
Parasympathetic information to the parotid gland is carried by glossopharyngeal nerve and projects from inferior salivatory nucleus
CN IX transverses the skull through the _
CN IX transverses the skull through the jugular foramen
The vagus nerve uses (4) cranial nuclei:
The vagus nerve uses (4) cranial nuclei:
1. Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
2. Solitary nucleus
3. Nucleus ambiguus
4. Sensory nucleus of V
The vagus nerve transmits parasympathetic info to the thoracic and abdominal organs from the [nucleus]
The vagus nerve transmits parasympathetic info to the thoracic and abdominal organs from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
Visceral sensory information carried by the vagus projects to the [nucleus]
Visceral sensory information carried by the vagus projects to the solitary nucleus
Branchial motor nerves from the vagus originate from the [nucleus] and innervate the [muscles]
Branchial motor nerves from the vagus originate from the nucleus ambiguus and innervate the muscles of the larynx, pharynx, and palate
The vagus also carries some somatic sensory information from the ear and meninges to the [nucleus]
The vagus also carries some somatic sensory information from the ear and meninges to the sensory nucleus of V
The vagus nerve carries taste information from the _ and projects into the [nucleus]
The vagus nerve carries taste information from the epiglottis and projects into the solitary nucleus
The vagus nerve exits the skull at the _
The vagus nerve exits the skull at the jugular foramen
The spinal accessory nerve arised from the [nucleus] in the [location]
The spinal accessory nerve arised from the accessory nucleus in the cervical spinal cord (C1-C5)
CN XI transverses the skull at the _
CN XI transverses the skull at the jugular foramen
CN XII innervates [muscles]
CN XII innervates muscles of the tongue
* Genioglossus, hypoglossus, styloglossus
CN XII originates from [nucleus] in the [location]
CN XII originates from hypoglossal nucleus in the medulla
V1 exits the skull through the _
V1 exits the skull through the superior orbital fissure
V2 exits the skull via the _
V2 exits the skull via the foramen rotundum
V3 exits the skull via the _
V3 exits the skull via the foramen ovale
CN IV exits the skull via _
CN IV exits the skull via superior orbital fissure
CN VI exits the skull via _
CN VI exits the skull via superior orbital fissure
The solitary nucleus receives [2 types of information]
The solitary nucleus receives taste & visceral sensation
The solitary nucleus receives input from [CNs]
The solitary nucleus receives input from facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus
Point out general location of nuclei
Point out general location of nuclei
Point out general location of nuclei
The oculomotor nerve synapses on the [ganglion]
The oculomotor nerve synapses on the ciliary ganglion
Some parasympathetic information to the head (specifically to the lacrimal and nasal glands) go through the [nerve] and [ganglion]
Some parasympathetic information to the head (specifically to the lacrimal and nasal glands) go through the greater petrosal nerve and pterygopalatine ganglion
Parasympathetic nerves to the submandibular and sublingual glands can also travel via the [nerve] and [ganglion]
Parasympathetic nerves to the submandibular and sublingual glands can also travel via the chorda tympani nerve and submandibular ganglion
The facial nerve passes through the internal acoustic meatus as part of its intracranial course, but ultimately exits the skull through the _
The facial nerve passes through the internal acoustic meatus as part of its intracranial course, but ultimately exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen
Name the 5 terminal branches of the facial nerve that innervate muscles of facial expression
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* Temporal
* Zygomatic
* Buccal
* Mandibular
* Cervical
[CN] runs very close to the internal carotid artery in the cavernous sinus
Abducens, CN VI runs very close to the internal carotid artery in the cavernous sinus
The [eye muscle] has both oculomotor and sympathetic innervation (smooth-muscle component); damage to either can cause ptosis
The levator palpebrae has both oculomotor and sympathetic innervation (smooth-muscle component); damage to either can cause ptosis
