stroke (exam 3, slide show 3) Flashcards
what is a stroke?
- stroke is a sudden onset of neurologic dysfunction due to cardiovascular disease that results in an area of brain infarction
what is the most common type of stroke?
- ischemic
what are all the different ty[pes of strokes?
- transient ischemic attack (TIA), ischemic stroke (thrombotic or embolic), hemorrhagic
what are risk factors of a stroke?
- Risk factors are similar to those for other atherosclerotic vascular diseases (hypertension, DM, hyperlipidemia,
smoking, advancing age, family history, high cholesterol) - Hypertension
- Metabolic syndrome
- Heart disease
- Heavy alcohol consumption
- Poor diet
- Drug abuse
- Sleep apnea
- Obesity
- Physical inactivity
- Smoking
what are the two major types of strokes?
- ischemic and hemorrhagic
what is an ischemic stroke?
- a clot that blocks blood flow to the to an area of the brain
what is a hemorrhagic stroke?
- bleeding occurs inside or around brain tissue
what is a thrombotic stroke?
- the process of clot formation results in narrowing of the lumen, which blocks the passage of blood through the artery
what is an embolic stroke?
- embolus is a clot or other debris circulating in the blood. which it reaches an artery in the brain that is too narrow to pass through, it lodges there and blocks the flow of blood
what is a hemorrhagic stroke?
- bust BV may allow blood to seep into and damage brain tissues until clotting shuts off the leak
what is an ischemic stroke a result from?
- sudden occlusion of cerebral artery secondary to thrombus (atherosclerosis) formation or emboli
what is a thrombotic stroke asssociated with?
- atherosclerosis and coagulopathies (which is blood clotting went wrong)
what are embolic strokes associated with?
- cardiac dysfunction or dysrhythmias
what are the CM of an ischemic stroke?
- contralateral hemiplegia, hemisensory loss, and contralateral visual field blindness
- happens opposite side of the brain and body
what is the treatment of an ischemic stroke?
- salvaging the penumbra is the aim of early thrombolytic therapy, however, treatment but be instituted within 3 hours of symptom onset to be effective
- guidelines allow up to 4.t hours for moderate benefits
what is a hemorrhagic stroke typically secondary to?
- severe, chronic hypertension bc the blood its the vessel walls so hard it ruptures
what is a thrombolytic?
- med that broke up the blood clot
- not an anticoagulant
how do nurses treat a stroke?
- MUST DETERMINE THE TYPE OF STROKE
- brain CT determines type and location
- ICP monitoring and pressure management (inter cranial pressure)
is hemorrhagic stroke or ischemic stroke more dangerous?
- morbidity and mortality is much higher in hemorrhagic stroke than ischemic stroke
what is the treatment ischemic stroke?
- aimed at minimizing infract size and preserving neuro function through thrombolytics for ISCHEMIC stroke ONLY
what is the treatment for a hemorrhagic stroke?
- blood pressure management
- nothing else you can really do
what is a thrombolytic?
- tissue plasminogen activator
- break up blood clot
- for ischemic stroke ONLY
what is a TIA? (transient ischemic attack)
- stroke like symptoms that completely resolve, including the neurological deficits
- symptoms typically last only minutes, but can last 24 hrs
- TIAs are important warning signs of thrombotic disease and carry a significant risk for subsequent stroke
what is the treatment of a TIA?
- daily aspirin; carotid endarterectomy or
angioplasty if 70% occluded
