Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GNUR 293 pathophysiology > Coronary artery disease (exam 3) > Flashcards

Coronary artery disease (exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

which plaque is most prone to rupture?
A. Contains significant collagen and fibrin
B. Has a large lipid core with a thin cap
C. Contains high-density lipoproteins
D. Has areas of ischemia and necrosis

A

B. has a large lipid core with a thin cap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the two main types of coronary syndromes

A
  1. chronic syndromes (CAD)
  2. acute coronary syndromes (ACS)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

with coronary syndromes what is the underlying cause?

A
  • insufficient delivery of oxygenated blood to the myocardium due to atherosclerotic coronary arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the definition of chronic atherosclerotic syndromes

A
  • slow progression due to chronic obstruction from stable atherosclerotic plaques
  • ex: stable angina pectoris
  • ex: ischemic cardiomyopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the def of an acute coronary syndromes (ACS)?

A
  • associated with acute changes in plaque morphology and THROMBOSIS; abrupt and can be life threatening
  • ex: unstable angina
  • Myocardial infraction (MI)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

A
  • associated with acute changes in plaque morphology and THROMBOSIS; abrupt and can be life threatening
  • ex: unstable angina
  • Myocardial i nfraction (MI)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two main examples of chronic coronary syndromes (CAD)?

A
  • stable angina pectoris
  • ischemic cardiomyopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two main examples of acute coronary syndrome?

A
  • unstable angina
  • myocardial infarction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the problem in coronary artery diseases? (CAD)

A
  • supply and demand issues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 2 critical factors in meeting cellular demand

A
  • rate of coronary perfusion (provides supply)
  • myocardial workload (provides or is the demand)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is ischemia

A
  • oxygen supply insufficient to meet metabolic demands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the rate of coronary perfusion mean?

A
  • supply
  • want increased supply and decreased demand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does “myocardial workload” mean

A
  • demand
  • we want demand to be low
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how does there become an increase in work load?

A
  • when panicking or in fight or flight the heart rate increases along with the BP, causing vasoconstriction and than an increased work load or demand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does “demand” mean in terms of the coronary heart disease

A
  • how much blood is demanded by the heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does “supply” mean in terms of coronary heart disease?

A
  • how much blood is supplied to the heart
17
Q

Which risk factors for coronary artery disease increase the workload of the heart and increase myocardial oxygen demand? SATA
1. hypertension
2. elevated serum lipids
3. physical inactivity
4. cigarette smoking

A
  1. hypertension
  2. cigarette smoking
18
Q

what variable alters coronary perfusion (supply)?

A
  • large, stable atherosclerosis plaque
  • acute platelet aggregation and thrombosis
  • vasospasm = prinzmental angina
  • failure of autoregulation by microcirculation (endothelial cells)
  • poor perfusion pressure
  • hypoxemia
19
Q

what is vasospasm?

A
  • blood vessel spasm for no reason
  • causing it to narrow and restrict blood flow
20
Q

define hypoxemia?

A
  • low blood oxygen
21
Q

what alters myocardial workload? or demand?

A
  • increased HR
  • increased heart contractility
  • increased pre/after load
22
Q

what are the tree types of angina’s?

A
  1. stable angina
  2. unstable angina
  3. variant angina
23
Q

what is chest pain associated with?

A
  • intermittent myocardial ischemia
  • burning, crushing, squeezing, chocking or referred pain (pain elsewhere that is actually bc of the heart)
24
Q

what is referred pain?

A
  • pain that is elsewhere but is due to impaired cardiac function
  • like left heart pain in due to a MI
25
what is a stable angina?
- most common & chronic - onset and predictable as it's elicited by similar stimuli each time - it's relived by at rest and nitroglycerin (medication) - it's due to stable plaque - makes pt have pain when moving but it goes away at rest - its anthracosis formed in the coronary blood vessels (!!)
26
what is a variant or prinzemtal angina?
- unpredictable attacks - onset unrelated to obvious increase 02 demand causes - no predictability just random spasms of the vessel - no overt plaques - intense vasospasms
27
what is an unstable angina?
- is acute - may progress to acute ischemia - has more chance of a heart attack - related to higher cell death - thrombus formation due to platelet aggregation and ruptured plaque - is due to ruptured athrosrosis, gives chest pain when at rest which is super abnormal
28
with chronic stable Angia is heart damage permanent?
- no
29
when does stable angina cause pain & when does it go away?
- pain lasts 3 - 5 minutes - subsides when precipitating factor is relived (typically excretion) - pain at rest is unusual
30
what is the immediate treatment of an MI?
- M: morphine - O: Oxygen - N: Nitrocycline - A: ASA or plavix
31
what is the goal of M.O.N.A
- no limit cell death in heart attacks
31
what is the purpose of morphine during an MI?
- its a depressant so it will lower HR, BP and overall demand of the heart
32
what is the purpose of oxygen during an MI
- Oxygen is used during an MI to increase oxygen delivery to the ischemic myocardium, reduce infarct size, and improve clinical outcomes1
33
what is the purpose of nitroglycerine during an MI?
- promotes blood flow by relaxing the smooth muscle within the blood vessels. It is a type of nitrate and a vasodilator, which means it helps widen (dilate) your blood vessels, making it easier for blood to flow through and let more oxygen-rich blood reach your heart - ups supply and lowers demand
34
what's the purpose of ASA or Plavix during an MI?
- aspirin are anticoagulants which prevents blood clots from getting bigger and prevents new clot formation which can help blood flow return to the heart
35
what are management options for chronic stable Agnia's?
- overall goal is to decrease o2 demand and increase o2 supply (blood flow) - rest and oxygen are the biggest - med's like nitroglycerine when pt has chest pain - betta blockers that decrease heart rate - putting in a surgical stent or ballon - Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI or Cardiac Angioplasty (!)
36
what is the least invasive procedural management for stable Angia's?
- stent
37

GNUR 293 pathophysiology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions